謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致
出題套路1. 主語(yǔ)后面接復(fù)雜修飾 S + 長(zhǎng)串修飾語(yǔ) + v
A city is full of people.
A city in northern China
A city famous for its beautiful mountains
A city visited by large numbers of celebrities
A city consisting of several prosperous economic zones
A city, home of coffee beans,
A city, which is famous for its beautiful mountains,
例題1 (2005.03.S3.28)
The relationship between goby fish and striped shrimp are truly (A) symbiotic, for neither (B) can survive (C) without (D) the other. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
名詞relationship后面between…and…為介詞短語(yǔ)，做后置定語(yǔ)，句子真的主語(yǔ)是the relationship，單數(shù)。所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞A單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該改成is truly。
例題2 (2010.05.S6.29)
French mountain honey made (A) from linden blossoms, which are sometimes called (B) “lime blossoms,” have (C) a distinctively (D) citrus flavor. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
名詞honey后面made from為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，做后置定語(yǔ)，句子真的主語(yǔ)是honey，不可數(shù)。所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞C單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該改成has。
出題套路2：N1 of N2 + V
例題3 (2005.03.S3.20)
Careful analysis of pictures of the Moon reveal (A) that parts of the Moon’s surface are (B) markedly (C) similar to parts of the Earth’s (D). No Error (E)
【考題分析】
名詞analysis后面of…為介詞短語(yǔ)，做后置定語(yǔ)，句子真的主語(yǔ)是analysis，不可數(shù)。所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞A單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該改成reveals。
例題4 (2009.05.S6.26)
The loyalty of British families to specific brands of toothpaste have (A) been cited by (B) historians as evidence (C) of the growing influence (D) of advertising during the early twentieth century. No error (E)
【考題分析】
名詞loyalty后面of…為介詞短語(yǔ)，做后置定語(yǔ)，句子真的主語(yǔ)是the loyalty，單數(shù)。所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞A單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該改成has。
例題5 (2009.01.S6.23)
The three sections of my neighbor's newly planted (A) garden, each totally different (B) in design and composition, harmonizes (C) with one another (D) in color and texture. No error (E)
【考題分析】
名詞three sections后面of…為介詞短語(yǔ)，做后置定語(yǔ)，再后面雙逗號(hào)之間each…composition也是插入成分，句子真的主語(yǔ)是three sections，復(fù)數(shù)。所以，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞C單復(fù)數(shù)錯(cuò)，應(yīng)該改成harmonize。
Attention：
• A colletion of/ A list of/An array of/A series of/A set of/A sequence of/A group of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
• The number of 的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；A number of的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
出題套路3. 定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致
N+that/which/who+V：V⇒N
a student who achieves 2400 in SAT
例題6 (09.01.S6.15)
The historic Woodacre building, which house (A) several univeristy departments, was demolished to make (B) room for (C) a parking lot, dismaying alumni who had supported (D) the university for decades. No error (E)
【考題分析】
定語(yǔ)從句which…修飾先行詞單數(shù)building，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞house要與building單數(shù)一致，A錯(cuò)誤。當(dāng)然，本題真正的錯(cuò)誤應(yīng)該是時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。
特殊用法1：
N1 of/and/from/with N2+that+V：根據(jù)上下文判斷that的指代對(duì)象
例題7 (09.05.S6.28)
Early rock and roll music, like (A) jazz and the blues, celebrated (B) characteristics of urban life that was once (C) only disparaged: loud, repetitive city sounds were reproduced as (D) raucous melodies and insistent rhythms. No error (E)
【考題分析】
定語(yǔ)從句that…前面有characteristics of urban life（N1 of N2結(jié)構(gòu)），于是判斷定語(yǔ)從句到底修飾誰(shuí)，要靠語(yǔ)義：下文寫(xiě)道，loud, repetitive city sounds，可知定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是復(fù)數(shù)characteristics，于是定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)was錯(cuò)誤，改成were。
例題8 (2010.1.S6.29)
The Bactrian camel is (A) well adapted to the extreme climate of its native Mongolia, having (B) thick fur and underwool that keeps (C) it warm in winter and also (D) insulate against summer heat. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
定語(yǔ)從句that…修飾先行詞復(fù)數(shù)thick fur and underwool，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)keeps錯(cuò)誤，要與thick fur and underwool復(fù)數(shù)一致，C錯(cuò)誤，改為keep。
特殊用法2：
Only one of + Noun（復(fù)）+ that + V ： V用復(fù)數(shù)
the (only) one of + Noun（復(fù)）+ that + V： V用單數(shù)
例題9 (09.10.S6.17)
Jason is (A) the only one of the three people I knew well (B) in middle school who still write (C) to me regularly (D). No Error (E)
【考題分析】
本題屬于：the (only) one of + Noun（復(fù)）+ that + V： V用單數(shù)，所以C錯(cuò)誤，改為writes。
出題套路4： There be句型的就近一致
• There is a movie theater in the downtown.
• There is an apple and two bananas.
• There are two bananas and an apple.
例題10 (09.10.S5.19)
There is (A), in spite of the large bay window and (B) the new floors, many reasons, such as the poor location and the small basement, for (C) Nancy not to buy (D) the house. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
there be結(jié)構(gòu)，后面是雙逗號(hào)in spite of插入語(yǔ)成分，真的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)many reasons，A錯(cuò)誤，改為are。
出題套路5：就近一致 V⇒N2
• N 1 or N2
• Not N1 but N2
• Either N1 or N2
• N1 nor N2
• Not only N1 but also N2
• Neither N1 nor N2
出題套路6：就前一致 V⇒N1
• N1 with N2
• N1 as well as N2
• N1 together with N2
• N1 along with N2
• N1 rather than N2
例題11 (05.03.S3.23)
Of (A) the two options, neither (B) the system of appointing judges to the bench nor the process of electing (C) judges are (D) entirely satisfactory. No error (E)
【考題分析】
neither…nor…結(jié)構(gòu)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就近原則，要與單數(shù)the process 一致，D錯(cuò)誤，改為is。
出題套路7：1+1=2
A and B + V 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are；
當(dāng)and前后A和B指的是同一個(gè)人、同一件事或同一過(guò)程時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用is。
Eg: Introducing new ideas and replacing the old ones is …
例題12 (Online Course Test 2)：
Freedom of action and expression are (A) at the foundation not only of (B) our system of government but also of our expectations concerning (C) human relations at all (D) levels of society. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
注意，此題考點(diǎn)在于and平行結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)義來(lái)看平行對(duì)象時(shí)action和expression，這兩個(gè)詞共同來(lái)修飾of結(jié)構(gòu)之前的freedom，于是句子主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)freedom，復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)A錯(cuò)誤，改成is。
出題套路8：主系表完全倒裝（主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)位置完全顛倒）。
倒裝后為：表語(yǔ)+is/are/was/were+S
The question concerning air pollution is extremely difficult.
Extremely difficult is the question concerning air pollution.
•難點(diǎn)：識(shí)別倒裝
哪些成分能做句子主語(yǔ)？
哪些只能做表語(yǔ)不能做主語(yǔ)？
• On the wall is …
• Available through … is…
• Included among… is…
例題13 (2010.1.S6.27)
Langston Hughes may be best known for (A) his poetry, but (B) included among (C) his many published works are (D) a sizable collection of short stories. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
included among…過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)在句首，不能做主語(yǔ)，句子是主系表倒裝，真的主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)a sizable collection (of …是介詞短語(yǔ)次要修飾)，D復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)錯(cuò)誤，改為is。
出題套路9：介詞短語(yǔ)倒裝
倒裝后為：介短+V+S
“山上有個(gè)廟，廟里有個(gè)和尚”。
On the mountain lies a temple.
In the temple lives a monk.
出題套路10：Only部分倒裝
Only + (副詞/介短/狀語(yǔ)從句) + (does/do/has/have/was/were/is/are)+ S + V
Only recently has he started to prepare for SAT.
例題14 (OG)
Air pollution caused by industrial fumes has been studied (A) for years, but (B) only recently has (C) the harmful effects of noise pollution become (D) known. No Error (E)
【考題分析】
only recently在句首，意味著倒裝句，句子主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)harmful effects，單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)C錯(cuò)誤，改成have。
其它（雖然沒(méi)有作為挑錯(cuò)點(diǎn)出現(xiàn)，但會(huì)出現(xiàn)在選E的題目中）
Each of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+V，V用單數(shù)；
復(fù)數(shù)名詞/復(fù)數(shù)代詞+ each + V，V用復(fù)數(shù)：The students each have a book.
數(shù)量單位既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)；
No+名詞+V，V的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定；
More than one+名詞，many a + 名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用單數(shù)。
例題15 (05.03.S3.19)
More than forty years have passed (A) since (B) a quarter of a million people marched on Washington, D.C., in an attempt (C) to secure (D) civil rights for Black Americans. No error (E)
【考題分析】
more than forty years做主語(yǔ)，屬于數(shù)量單位，單復(fù)數(shù)均可，所以A沒(méi)錯(cuò)。此題答案選E。
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名師簡(jiǎn)介
新通外語(yǔ)北美考試中心高級(jí)教師。新通閱讀、寫(xiě)作教師，09年被評(píng)為寧波十佳‘優(yōu)秀星級(jí)培訓(xùn)教師’。英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)，托福、雅思高分，教學(xué)風(fēng)格嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)又不乏幽默，對(duì)留學(xué)考試閱讀和寫(xiě)作有著深入研究，總結(jié)編寫(xiě)多部?jī)?nèi)部資料，涵蓋基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)類、雅思、托福、SAT、SSAT、SLEP等，經(jīng)廣大學(xué)生驗(yàn)證，應(yīng)試效果強(qiáng)大，深受學(xué)生信賴。
