雅思寫作五類論證方法詳解

一、舉例說明

關(guān)聯(lián)詞：for example, for instance, take… as an example, such as, including

Eg1.
　　列題：Some people think that animals should be treated as friends. Yet others only consider animals are only sources of food and clothing. What is your opinion?
　　MB2: for thousands of years, many animals have given loyal service to humans. Pigeons convey messages in wartime, and dogs help to detect crime. Even pigs, which many people think are the most stupid animals, are used in the battle against drugs. There is no doubt that our lives would be far less convenient without a little help from our animal friends.

Eg2.
　　The advertisements on TV, newspapers and other kinds of media may confuse consumers and make them rush to purchase products which they don’t really need. Take the cell phone for example. Its functions and practical use are often exaggerated in advertisement. What’s more, the advertisement even create a fashionable atmosphere for cell phones which appeals to young people to change their phones continuously while ignoring the basic service of cell phones is just to make a phone call.

很多考生喜歡以自己或者自己的朋友、國家為例，這樣的例子是過于片面的，沒有典型性與普遍性。所以，可以把自己的家庭擴大到一類家庭，把自己的國家擴大到一類國家，這樣才具備足夠的說服力。一個論點的例子應(yīng)控制在一句話左右，有時甚至只需一個名詞短語就可以完成。

 二、解釋說明

關(guān)聯(lián)詞：it means, that is to say, in other words, to put it another way
　　可以使用定語從句：Eg1. I believe the traditional family, with both parents providing emotional support and role-models for their children, is the most satisfactory way of bringing up children.

三、因果論證

因果論證是最能體現(xiàn)學(xué)生邏輯思維能力的一種寫作手法，而且也是中國考生平時接觸最多、運用最多的一種。因此，如果學(xué)生能夠準確運用，會幫文章加分不少。

1. 常見表達方式

A. 運用詞匯（詞組）
　　因為：because, since, as +句子（連詞）
        due to, owing to, because of ,thanks to , as a result of +詞組（介詞）
　　所以：therefore, hence, thus, as a result, consequently+句子（詞組）

B. 簡單句型---從句的使用
　　句型： The reason why … is that …
       　　　　The main factor toward this is that...

2. 使用注意事項

主觀與客觀相結(jié)合：內(nèi)外因結(jié)合，例如青少年犯罪率的問題：外因（例如網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力的影響，缺乏父母的關(guān)愛甚至是遭受體罰等）；內(nèi)因（例如青少年本身不是特別成熟，很容易被誤導(dǎo)，而且還有很強的好奇心和模仿力，加之沒有足夠的法律知識，所以可能在還沒有思考足夠的情況下，做一些違反法律的事情）。

3. 范例評析

Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals, then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy. Of course, factor such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too.

四、讓步論證法

讓步論證法是中國考生較為陌生的一個概念。其實，在中學(xué)的時候?qū)W習(xí)狀語從句，我們就學(xué)過讓步的關(guān)系，先退一步承認一個與自己觀點相反的事實，再轉(zhuǎn)折給出自己的觀點，否定前者。

1. 常見表達方式

A. 運用詞匯（詞組）
　　盡管：in spite of this, despite this
　　但是：however, nonetheless, nevertheless

B. 簡單句型---從句的使用
　　句型： in spite of the fact that...
       Although, though...

2. 使用注意事項

使用讓步的論證法時，應(yīng)該簡單明了。與自己相反觀點只需選取一個就可以了，進行簡答的闡述，然后迅速的轉(zhuǎn)入到自己的正面觀點中去。

3. 范例評析

While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to a child’s relationship with their parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.

五、比較論證

通過比較和對比方式來論證，這樣兩個事物、行為或者觀點的利弊就非常明顯。

Those who believe in the measure say that students benefit a lot from traveling or working for a year before their formal university education. First, they can more broadly acquainted themselves with the society, deepen their understanding of the outside world, and thus better coordinate their objectives of learning with the needs of the society.

In contrast, by immediate entrance to university they can not steer the direction of their study well and may display a poor combination of the theory with practice. Second, study at high school is really exhausting, especially when to win college admission. So it is necessary to grant these children a relatively long period of relaxation or buffer, say, traveling or working for a year, to loosen the chords of their brain, so that when they go back to school later again, they can become completely refreshed and rejuvenated.

這篇雅思大作文寫作的內(nèi)容是關(guān)于上大學(xué)前是否應(yīng)該用一年的時間來旅游或者工作進行論證。此段的主題是學(xué)生在進入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)之前花一年時間進行旅游或工作的話，會讓他們受益匪淺。對比點是：進入大學(xué)之前一年進行旅游或工作有利于讓學(xué)生廣泛了解社會，加深他們對外界的理解，因此能讓他們更好地協(xié)調(diào)好學(xué)習(xí)目標和社會的需要。

應(yīng)用這樣的雅思大作文寫作方法，相對比之下，直接進入大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的話，他們不能夠把握學(xué)習(xí)的方向，而且有可能會產(chǎn)生理論和實踐相脫節(jié)。通過此番對比，旅游或工作一年對于即將步入大學(xué)的學(xué)生們的好處是顯而易見，段落的主題句得到有力的論證。