托福閱讀句子簡(jiǎn)化：巧解多重邏輯關(guān)系

In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

通過(guò)快速閱讀，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)， 該長(zhǎng)那句中有3個(gè)明顯的邏輯詞：in order for, because, even while.此時(shí)不少同學(xué)就有疑惑，句子改寫是是否要保留所有的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞。如果是，我們不妨來(lái)觀察一下4個(gè)選項(xiàng)：　　

• Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.
　　• Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.　　
　　• When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.
　　• Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.

第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)，無(wú)邏輯關(guān)鍵詞；第二個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)， 有in order to 和 but 兩個(gè)邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞； 第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)，有when 和because兩個(gè)邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞； 第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)內(nèi)，有unlike 和 because兩個(gè)邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞。我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)沒(méi)有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)包含了原句中得3個(gè)邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞，那么問(wèn)題來(lái)了哪些邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)詞必須保留，哪些又可以舍去？

我們需要清楚句子簡(jiǎn)化，句子的中心或主要意思必須要保留的，在主從復(fù)合句中，主句為句子的主體，從句只用作句子的一個(gè)次要成分，不能獨(dú)立成為一個(gè)句子。因此，我們?cè)谔幚砭渥佣嘀剡壿嬯P(guān)系時(shí)，必須要保留的就是主句中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)的邏輯關(guān)系，從句中的邏輯關(guān)系可以省略。

所以，在這道題目中，改寫句子中必須體現(xiàn) because 和 even while，即因果關(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系。 基于此，也只有第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)完整體現(xiàn)了主句的邏輯關(guān)系。而此題的正確答案也正是第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)。從這個(gè)小例子可以看出，準(zhǔn)確把握住句子的邏輯關(guān)系，可以快速攻破句簡(jiǎn)題。