托福閱讀修辭目的題邏輯點

Paragraph 3: The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region.
　　More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States.
　　In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.

5. In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains?

○To suggest that crop cultivation is not the most important part of the economy of the High Plains
　　○To indicate that not all economic activity in the High Plains is dependent on irrigation
　　○To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains
　　○To contrast cattle-fattening practices in the High Plains with those used in other region of the United States

通過題目閱讀可以由High Plain定位到原文的最后一句。那么考查的點如何判斷呢？我們可以看到定位到的句子的第一個單詞為in addition，表示而且的遞進關系，意味著本句為上一句話的遞進。因此可以輕松判斷本題所考查的句子為本段的倒數(shù)第二句，因此可以通過前后句的理解得出兩句話對經(jīng)濟進行描述，答案為C。

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同樣的，了解到in addition是對前一句話內(nèi)容的補充遞進，那么，TPO31的這道題就可以迎刃而解。

Paragraph: Whether Head Start is seen as successful or not depends on the lens through which one is looking. If, for instance, the program is expected to provide long-term increases in IQ (intelligence quotient) scores, it is a disappointment. Although graduates of Head Start programs tend to show immediate IQ gains, these increases do lot last.
　　On the other hand, it is clear that Head Start is meeting its goal of getting preschoolers ready for school. Preschoolers who participate in Head Start are better prepared for future schooling than those who do not. Furthermore, graduates of Head Start programs have better future school grade. Finally, some research suggests that ultimately Head Start graduates show higher academic performance at the end of high school, although the gains are modest.

In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more like to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27.

6.In paragraph 4, the author mentions the “results from other types of readiness programs”to

A.provide support for the idea that preschool readiness programs have been somewhat successful
　　B.question the idea that HeadStart is more effective than other preschool readiness programs
　　C.indicate school completion is usually the most reliable indicator of success in most readiness programs
　　D.emphasize that participation in readiness programs can be increased if costs are reduced

通過審題可以得知，題目中所提到的句子在第二段的第一句。同樣的，本句的第一個單詞為in addition，我們可以判斷本段是對上一段內(nèi)容的遞進。通過瀏覽上一段大意我們可以得出上一段主要在描述Head Start是成功的。因此本題可以輕松得知答案為A。
      因此考生在日常備考的過程中需要多注意題目之前的共同點，多注意總結(jié)歸納，由此得到事半功倍的效果。

考生們在日常做題總結(jié)整理時，對于托福閱讀的修辭目的題的感觸多半是往定位句的前一句去看。那么為什么是前面呢？在有for example、in addition和in general等明顯邏輯詞的時候肯定是毫無疑問往前看。那么在沒有邏輯詞的時候呢？例如

Paragraph 3: The numbers of deer have fluctuated markedly since the entry of Europeans into Puget Sound country. The early explorers and settlers told of abundant deer in the early 1800s and yet almost in the same breath bemoaned the lack of this succulent game animal. Famous explorers of the north American frontier, Lewis and Clark arrived at the mouth of the Columbia River on November 14, 1805, in nearly starved circumstances.

They had experienced great difficulty finding game west of the Rockies and not until the second of December did they kill their first elk. To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. And when game moved out of the lowlands in early spring, the expedition decided to return east rather than face possible starvation.

Later on in the early years of the nineteenth century, when Fort Vancouver became the headquarters of the Hudson's Bay Company, deer populations continued to fluctuate. David Douglas, Scottish botanical explorer of the 1830s, found a disturbing change in the animal life around the fort during the period between his first visit in 1825 and his final contact with the fort in 1832. A recent Douglas biographer states:" The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops."

5. The author tells the story of the explorers Lewis and Clark in paragraph 3 in order to illustrate which of the following points?

○The number of deer within the Puget Sound region has varied over time.
　　○Most of the explorers who came to the Puget Sound area were primarily interested in hunting game.
　　○There was more game for hunting in the East of the United States than in the West.
　　○Individual explorers were not as successful at locating games as were the trading companies.

我們根據(jù)題干中的信息可以輕松定位到第四行，famous explorers，從中找到Lewis 和Clark。找到這句話之后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話和前面的內(nèi)容或者后面的內(nèi)容都沒有明顯的邏輯關系，那么這個時候我們該往哪里突破呢？

通過閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)提到Lewis和Clark是在具體描述他們的經(jīng)歷，這實際上是一個具體的例子。這句話其實和我們的for example的內(nèi)容是一樣的，只是沒有出現(xiàn)for example的詞組而言。所以我們可以通過分析得出這句話其實是例子，是為了證明前面一句話提到的鹿群數(shù)量變化。所以可以確定答案確實是往前面一句話去尋找，輕松得出答案A。
　　因此在日常閱讀精讀過程中，考生們除了要分析具體的、明顯的邏輯點之外，還需要分析隱含的一些邏輯點。

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