雅思托福必備語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：主謂一致

主謂一致

1）語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。
　　2）意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
　　3）就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，

一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。
　　There is much water in the thermos.
　　但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
　　Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

1. 并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)

Reading and writing are very important.

2 主謂一致中的靠近原則

1）當(dāng)there be 句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
　　There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..
　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.

2）當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor，連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。
　　Either you or she is to go.
　　Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

3 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。
　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
　　He as well as I wants to go boating.

4 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)

1）代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each, every, 謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。
　　Each of us has a tape-recorder.
　　There is something wrong with my watch.

2）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。
　 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.
　 <<天方夜譚>>是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū)。

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3）表示金錢(qián)，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ) 時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。)
　　Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.
　　Ten yuan is enough.

5 指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)

1）在代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
　　All is right.　(一切順利。)
　　All are present.　(所有人都到齊了。)

2）集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。
　　 His family isn't very large.　　他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。
　　 His family are music lovers.　他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。
　　但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
　　Are there any police around?

3）有些名詞，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。
　　A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
　　The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。
　　A number of books have lent out.
　　The majority of the students like English.

6 與后接名詞或代詞保持一致

1）用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。
　　Most of his money is spent on books.
　　Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

2）在一些短語(yǔ)，如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。
　　Many a person has read the novel.　許多人都讀過(guò)這本書(shū)。
　　More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來(lái)自這個(gè)城市。

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