雅思寫作背景描寫三大技巧

背景介紹：

在具體寫作的過程中，考生要遇到的第一步事情應(yīng)該是引言段的寫作。俗話說，萬事開頭難。很多考生不知道如何開頭，浪費(fèi)時間，導(dǎo)致無法在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)完成250個單詞的大作文。其實(shí)，就筆者歸納，引言段可先通過對background 的描寫來引出話題。Background的應(yīng)該從內(nèi)容同句型上同時做到補(bǔ)充。下面先給大家介紹下擴(kuò)充背景句的方法：

1）追根溯源法
　　即從題目給出的話題中找出這個現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因來擴(kuò)展背景句。這種方法適合大多數(shù)的話題，考生要盡量在考前做練習(xí)，這樣在考試就可以得心應(yīng)手了。請看下面的例子：
　　There are social, medical and technical problems associated with the use of mobile phones. What forms do they take? Do you agree that the problems outweigh the benefits of mobile phones?

這個題目中給出的話題是mobile phone，所以考生可以從它產(chǎn)生的原因來考慮，就是科技的繁榮，而科技的繁榮，手機(jī)的廣泛使用是在20世紀(jì)末，這樣背景句就有內(nèi)容可寫了。當(dāng)然要通過相應(yīng)的句型來寫了。如 … (time) witnessed …這個背景句就可以寫成：The late 20th century witnessed the boom of science and technology, which gave rise to a series of technological innovations, including the mobile phone.

再看一例：

Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?

這題要求大家討論大學(xué)是提供職業(yè)技能還是傳授知識。那從傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)來看，大學(xué)是傳授知識的地方，為什么會提出要傳授技能呢，所以這里考生也可以用追根溯源法思考下，大家肯定可以想到是由于找工作已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)今教育的目的之一了，所以很多大學(xué)就轉(zhuǎn)移到以傳授技能為主了。那當(dāng)然還是要結(jié)合句型，這里可以用as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。

參考：As job-hunting has become one of the main purposes of university education, the majority of the universities tend to offer vocational trainings to prepare the students for their future career.

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2）重述法

即對關(guān)于這個話題的當(dāng)前現(xiàn)狀的重述，請看一例：
　　Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to combat it。
　　本題的話題關(guān)于壓力，那考生可從當(dāng)前社會現(xiàn)象來考慮這個問題，考生不難想出當(dāng)下對壓力這一現(xiàn)象的情況，即很多人都在承受著或多或少的壓力�？捎胕t is generally believed that … 形式主語的句型。

參考: It is generally believed that white-collar as well as blue-collars workers are suffering from psychological and physical stress stemming from work.

再看一例：
　　Environmental problem is too big for individual countries and individual people to address. In other words, we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

本題話題為環(huán)境問題，考生也可用重述法對當(dāng)前環(huán)境問題進(jìn)行重述，這時，可以用In modern society/At present, 等表時間的介詞短語來引導(dǎo)一個敘述句型。參考：In modern society, environment related issues have confronted ecological scientists, government agencies and the general public. （雅思高分范文p16）

3）定義法

即通過對話題詞的定義的介紹，這種方法有一定難度，考生需要有淵博的知識，才能做到對名詞的解釋，但對特別明顯的詞語，考生可借鑒這種方法。請看一例：

The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

本題中的話題詞為圖書館，可以解釋的詞也是圖書館比較方便容易。那么到底如何解釋呢，比如說圖書館在傳統(tǒng)意義上來看，是收藏書的地方，而現(xiàn)在因?yàn)榭萍及l(fā)展，使得圖書館的意義發(fā)生改變，從而引出話題。這里同樣可以用形式主語：

It is generally believed that public libraries are places with a large collection of books; however, the digital time has given it a new means of storing and retrieving information.

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