2015年1月25日托福口語機(jī)經(jīng)小范圍（第一版）

Task One

1. describe agift that you want to give someone.

Sample Answer:

I would like to give a book--time management as agift to my younger brother James. He's a high school student. But he doesn'tstudy hard but dreams away the hours. I wanna give him this book and let himknow that life is too short to waste on trifles. Time and tide wait for no man.Light travels like an arrow and time like a shuttle. He has to spare no effortto realize his dreams and achieve his goals. I don't want him to regret atbeing mediocre and shiftless when he's about to graduate.(98)

2. 講述一個(gè)你學(xué)到新東西的過程，你是怎么克服困難學(xué)到的[另1版本：你怎么學(xué)習(xí)新科目，舉例子說明] Describe your experience of learning somethingnew. And describe what problem did you meet and how did you solve the problem?

Sample Answer:

I still remember when I was in high school,started to study English. I had a trouble of pronunciation. I was so upset andwanted to give up trying. Then my father encouraged me and told me, 'when youfall on evil days, you don't need a shoulder to cry on. What you need is tostand up one more time than you fall down.' I was inspired. And then I tookpart in an English Salon practicing with my classmates and foreign teachers.And I downloaded lots of English materials from the internet like DailyPronunciation and Sixty Second American Science, etc. followed and imitated themline by line. (110)

3. 討論如何解決城市交通擁擠的問題。whatdo you think we should do to decrease the usage of car or other vehicle andsolve the traffic problems?

Sample Answer:

I suggest several ways to decrease the usage ofcar and solve the traffic problem. The first way is by pressing ahead with newpolicies like odd-even traffic restriction meaning that cars with plates endingin odd numbers and even numbers could drive on alternate days. The second wayis to offer diversified traffic modes such as car-pooling and B-stations. Theywill not only successfully solve the traffic problem but also indirectly reduceair pollution. Sharing car rides will decrease the number of cars on the roadthereby cutting down on the use of fossil fuels and establishing more B-stationsto encourage citizens to ride bicycles to a nearby place instead of driving isan ideal option as well.

4. Which technology has made the greatest impact onpeople’s life in your country?Airplane，computer or television.Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

Sample Answer:

I strongly confirm that computer's made thegreatest impact on people's life in my country. The era of globalization to agreat extend attributes to the rapid development of electronic technique likecomputer network. They've significantly changed our lives. First, in terms ofeducation, computer network makes long-distance education possible. Younggenerations living in remote regions can get an easy access to bettereducational resources on the internet, like open-courses from HarvardUniversity or Columbia University. Second, as far as business is concerned,Computer website puts less restriction on time and location. It makes businessmore flexible. Wechat business has gradually become one of the dominant businessmodels. And on-line shopping has slipped into people's lives.

5. Your university is planning to allow students towatch TV in theirs dormitories. What is your opinion and why? What are theadvantages and disadvantages of watching TV in dormitories. Include reasons andexamples to support your response.

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I don't think studentsshould be allowed to watch TV in their dormitories. I hold two points tosupport my stand.

To begin with, watching TV is very timeconsuming. Life is too short to waste on trifle. As a saying goes, time andtide wait for no man. Students should spare no effort to realize their dreamsand achieve their goals.

On top of that, watching TV is very distractive.It will disturb other students nearby who are trying to go to sleep or do work.

And plus, indulgence in watching TV will lead tovisual problems like myopia, dry eyes and double vision. (108)

6. What is themost important quality the teacher should have?

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, the most important quality ateacher should have must be patience. A patient teacher never gives up anystudent. For example, I remember when I was in high school started to studyEnglish. I failed in all English tests. Then I was so upset and wanted to giveup. But my teacher Chang encouraged me patiently and told me, 'when you fall onevils days, you don't need a shoulder to cry on, what you need is to get up onemore time than you fall down.' I was so inspired and appreciated for not givingme up and decided to spare no effort to study English. (110)

7. Talk about an after school activity you enjoydoing the most. Give specific reasons and details to support your response.

Sample Answer:

The after school activity I enjoy doing the mostis basketball. I have two points to support my stand.

To begin with, playing basketball is known to beone of the best ways to burn fat. I'm a little over-weight. I weigh about 100kilograms. And playing basketball can help improve my fitness level and overallphysical appearance.

On top of that, by playing basketball, I candevelop my collaboration awareness, team spirit and cooperation skill. Mostimportantly, I can make friends with my team members and even opponents toenlarge my social circle. I long for companionship, because I know if I want toamount to something in the future, I will need other's backup. (116)

8. describe your favorable place to study.

Sample Answer:

My favorable place to study is library. I havetwo points to support my stand.

To begin with, I can study with my classmates inthe meeting rooms in the library. Group study is more interesting andefficient. In a study group, we are quizzing each other instead of simplyrereading the same notes again and again which is very boring and low-efficient.Library is the ideal place for us to study in a group.

On top of that, there are a lot of referencematerials in the library. When I'm dealing with academic papers, library is theideal place. (100)

9. If your friend is dropping out of the college, doyou think is a good thing?

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I don't think it is a goodidea to drop out of the college. I have two points to support my view.

To begin with, university is the place where hecan acquire professional knowledge. If he wants to amount to something big,something splashy in the future, he has to make himself knowledgeable andinsightful. Most importantly, knowledge can help him judge between right andwrong, distinguish the good from bad.

On top of that, he can strike up an acquaintancewith a nice group of people to enlarge his social circle. One cannot besuccessful single-handedly. (101)

10. Currently,air pollution is a serious problem. Describe several ways to reduce airpollution.!

Sample Answer：

I suggest the following several ways to reduceair pollution.

The first way is to plant more trees. Carbondioxide is one of the contributing factors in air pollution. And carbon dioxideis required by plants for photosynthesis.

The second way is to diversify traffic modes likecar pooling and bicycles. As we all know air pollution is mainly caused due toexcessive use of fossil fuels like petroleum and gasoline. Sharing car ridescan effectively reduce the number of cars on the road thereby cutting down onthe use of fossil fuels. And the government should establish more B-stations toencourage people to ride to nearby places instead of driving. (111)

11. 朋友買東西錢不夠 朋友do not have enough money 做什么或者買東西(記不清)

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I think if my friendsdoesn't have enough money to buy something, taking a part-time job and savemoney gradually would be a wise choice. I have two points to support my view.

To begin with, by taking a part-job, he mightrealize that money doesn't grow on trees. He's still a student relying on hisparents' hard-earn cash. He has to share the financial burden with his familybut not squander his parents' entire life savings.

On top of that, taking a part time job is awin-win strategy, he can not only use his wage to buy what he wants but also obtainsome work experience which will benefit his future growth. (117)

12. Describe a popular gathering place where peoplein your town usually go for relaxation. Explain why people in your town like togo there. Include reasons and examples to support your response.

Sample Answer:

The most popular gathering place where people inmy town usually go for relaxation is home. As a saying goes, 'east or west,home is the best.' People can do a lot of things to relax at home.

To begin with, people play PC games like World ofWarcraft or Starcraft. After a hard day's work--receiving clients and guests,telephone switchboard and administrative duties, people can really unwind bysubmerging themselves in the virtual world.

On top of that, dining by candlelight with one'sbeloved is so cosy and romantic. And It also provides an easy way to bringfamily together. (102)

13. Describe one of the difficulties in which youreceived help from your family, friends or classmates and please give specificdetails to describe how their suggestion helped you.

14. The season when you like,reasons

15. Talk about a skill you already have but wouldlike to improve.

Task Two

1. Some people believe that it is better forchildren to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better forchildren to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion andwhy? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.

Sample Answer:

I strongly confirm that it is better for childrento grow up in a big city, a metropolis like Beijing. Here there are bettereducational resources, more job opportunities and good medical care. It can beproven by the truth that Beijing has over 40% ab extra population. And ofcourse, children might risk suffering air pollution, traffic jam or food safetyissues, but you can’t have it both ways, right? By contrast, living in ruralareas, children--girls in particular, will risk more, because in countryside,people look up to men and down on women. What’s worse, in Chinese countryside,many people believe in a fatuous and sensational superstitious belief that ifyou want to have a baby boy, you have to prick a needle into a baby girl'sbody.

2. Some people believe that teachers should givestudents assignments in class. Others believe that teachers should givestudents assignments by sending emails. Witch why do you think in better andwhy? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I confirm that givingstudents assignments in class would be a wise choice. I have two points tosupport my stand.

To begin with, not all students have privatecomputers. If they are assigned homework by email, they might have to spendextra time to go to the computer lab to check their emails. Apart from beingtime consuming, it would also be very inconvenient.

On top of that, by giving assignments in class,if any student has a question, he can have a face-to-face discussion with theprofessor and get an immediate answer without having to wait for next class.(104)

3. agree or disagree students should do part-timejob before attending college

Sample Answer:

I’mstrongly for the statement. I hold two points to support my stand. First,taking a part-time job could let students know that money doesn’t grow ontrees. Lots of university students can’t resist the temptation of material comforts.They are vain, acquisitive, squandering their parents hard-earn cash to keep upwith the Joneses. A hard day’s work equals a good lesson. Second, the biggestchallenge for university students is to know their real needs. Lots of studentsare dreaming away the hours—being addicted to PC games or sitting around doingnothing. Taking a part-time job can help them find their real needs, interestedmajor or career direction.

4. Would you like to make friends with the sameinterests or the one with different interests?

Sample Answer:

Personally speaking, I would like to make friendswith different interests. As a says goes, all the wits in the world are not inone head. Making friends with different interests helps broaden our horizon.For instance, my friend Jake who's interested in time management told me lighttravels like an arrow and time like a shuttle. So we have to spare no effort torealize our dreams and achieve our goals. My friend Lisa who's interested in financetold me that the best material must be used at key point. So we have to putaside some money to prepare for the rainy day. (105)

5. Some people think students should study inclassroom. While others believe that they should visit museum and zoo to study.Which one do you like?

Sample Answer:

It is a little complicated. I think it depends onmajors. On one hand, for the students majoring in art and zoology, visitingmuseum and zoo to study would be more beneficial. Bruce Lee said, 'knowing isnot enough, you must apply; willing is not enough, you must do.' Students canapply theory to practice. And a repetition of practices is the only way to getgenuine knowledge. On the other hand, for the students majoring in math andlanguage, staying in classroom would be better where there is less distraction,so the students would be more concentrating on their study. (101)

6. Do you prefer to work in individual with profession or work in group with profession?

Sample Answer:

Personally speaking, I would like to workindividually. I have too points to support my stand.

To begin with, I'm undistracted andself-motivated. By locking myself at home and plugging away, I could get a GPAof 4.0.

By contrast, working in a group is risky.Sometimes it is not a study session but a gossip session. People joke aroundinstead of focusing on their topic. When small talk replaces the time spentstudying, it could be a huge waste of time. Moreover, I have to take time andlocation into my primary considerations. If I have to drive to a far awaylocation to meet, I'm gonna be very exhausted. (111)

7. Some people think that one needs to be talentedto be an artist, others believe trainings and hard work is more crucial forsomeone to be an artist. Which do you think is more important? Give details andexamples in your response.

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, well trainings and hard workcan make anyone a participant in art, but hardly make one without talents anartist. A participant learns and imitates; an artist creates and changes.

For example, you can wear longish shaggy hair andgo buy a guitar and learn and practice for several years, then call yourself aparticipant in art, but not an artist as talented and creative as Beethoven,Vincent van Gogh or Picasso. Beethoven created Ninth Symphony when he was deaf;Vincent van Gogh was the pioneer of Post-Impressionism; Picasso was theinitiator of cubism. Just like you cannot train a Chihuahua to be adrug-sniffing dog, you cannot make one without talents an maestro. (117)

8. 你喜歡同時(shí)做很多項(xiàng)目或任務(wù)，還是喜歡專注于一個(gè)項(xiàng)目

Sample Answer:

I would like to focus on one subject at a time.My reasons are listed below.

On one hand, concentrating on one thing canimprove my work efficiency. For example, if I'm preparing for TOFEL test andGRE on alternate days, the collision of different focuses will break my studymomentum. TOFEL test focuses on English application ability and GRE focuses onacademic ability.

On the other hand, one man cannot whistle anddrink at the same time. If I have a business trip to Shanghai and a businessnegotiation in Beijing at the same time, I have to choose one and give up theother. (106)

9. Do you agree or disagree that advertisements haveinfluence on people purchasing.

10. prefer to have a busy schedule or a lot of freetime???

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I would like to have a busyschedule that'll not only enrich my life but also accelerate the speed of mysuccess. I need a busy schedule, because life is too short to waste on trifles.As a saying goes, light travels like an arrow and time like a shuttle. So Ihave to cherish any single moment to achieve my goals and realize my dreams. Ineed a busy schedule, because I don't want to regret at being mediocre orshiftless when I'm about to be six feet under. I need a busy schedule, justlike a shark needs to swim in all its life, swim or die. (112)

11. When on avacation in a different city, some people prefer to go camping in a tent, whileothers prefer to stay in the hotel. Which would you prefer and why?

Sample Answer:

Personally speaking, I prefer to stay in thehotel when on a vacation. My reasons are listed below.

To begin with, living in hotel is verycomfortable and convenient. I can have hot bath, sweet sleep and nicebreakfast. I'm on a vacation for relaxing not for field survival training.

By contrast, camping in a tent is very annoying andrisky. I have to set up the tent and take water from nearby river or stream andmake a camp fire to drive wild animals like wolves or bears away. What's worse,sleeping in a sleeping bag with countless Aedes one of the most fierce mosquitoflying around. That's terrible. (110)

12. 一個(gè)學(xué)校成功與否取決于他是否有很多的textbook

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I don't think whether auniversity's successful or not depends on how many textbooks it has. My reasonsare listed below.

To begin with, bookstores have countless books,but they are not universities; printers have a large amount of books, but theyare not universities either. A successful university must adhere to thephilosophy of people-oriented but not book-based.

On top of that, a successful university owns highquality education, provides more internship opportunities, has complete teachingfacilities. Most importantly, the number of talents a university cultivated isthe key point. John Adams, Franklin Roosevelt and John Kennedy were allgraduated from Harvard University.

13. Some people prefer to live in residence withstrict rules, others prefer to live in residence without strict rules. Which doyou prefer and why?

Sample Answer:

From my perspective, I would like to live inresidence with strict rules. My reasons are listed below.

On one hand, nothing can be accomplished withoutnorms or standards. Imagine a residence where people clean up the room onalternate days; they have to get up at 7:00 a.m. and go to sleep at 10:00 p.m.;no one is allowed to smoke indoor. That'll be an ideal residence. By contrast,a messy chaotic residence with people throwing parties every night is terrible.

On the other hand, living in residence withstrict rules, I can make my life in order so that I could improve my workefficiency. (106)

14. some university students choose to take difficultclasses even if they know might not get a good grade in the class, othersprefer to take easier classes in which they know they will get a good grade.

Sample Answer:

Sailing with the wind or against the wind dependson destination. So whether a class is easy or difficult, it shouldn't be theissue.

On one hand, if one's conceiving a big dream,dreaming of becoming an astronaut, the classes he has to take are astronomy,cosmology or cosmophysics are surely difficult. But he has take the bull by thehorns to achieve success.; if someone's conceiving a respectable dream,dreaming of becoming social worker devoting his life to the people in need. Hemight just have to take some basic classes such as accounting, language orpsychology which are surely easy at least I think so. (107)

15. When you have problems, you will ask advisor forhelp or search it through internet or library.

Sample Answer:

Personally speaking, when I have problems I wouldlike to look for an answer on the internet. My reasons are listed below.

To begin with, internet is convenient. Along withthe rapid development of technology, more and more high-tech inventions havecome into being like Skype, Facebook or Wechat. I can simply type severalbuttons on my keyboard and get any information I want immediately.

On top of that, internet is more realistic. Forexample, I am study social psychology, Java Script and language on my ownwithout taking any courses. Then when I get into trouble, the only way I can dois to turn to the internet. (108)

16. Some college students prefer to focus onschoolwork, others prefer to spend more time on extracurricular activities suchas joining clubs. Which do you prefer?

17. Do you agree or disagree? The most importantinfluence that young adults have are from their families.

18. Do youagree or with that all people would have the life of relax and unhurried

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Task Three

1. 【學(xué)校通知】：theuniversity is considering moving the student theater center from campus to thenearby downtown。好處1、downtown theater has alarger space，and it can contain moreaudiences。好處2、the new theater will have better technicalfacilities，so that students canget better light and sound while they are appreciating performances。

【學(xué)生態(tài)度】：男生反對(duì)此計(jì)劃。理由1.audiences in the downtown theater are mainly students。It is quite inconvenient for them to drive for 20min to get there to see performances，so few of them would like to go to the newtherter。理由2、the facilities in school theater are quite basicand easy to operate。However, students are not professional and well-trained, and thefacilities in downtown theater will be too complex for studnets to operate。So, students might end up with worse lights andsounds than what they have now。So, better facilities are not necessary。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to move the student theaterfrom campus to the nearby downtown.

The man in the listening disagrees. First, theaudience are mainly students. It is quite inconvenient for them to drive 20minutes to the downtown area to see performances. So students would not like togo to the new theater. Second, the facilities and equipments in the schooltheater are quite basic and easy to operate. However, students are notprofessional and well-trained, the facilities in the downtown theater would betoo complex for them to operate. So the students might end up with worse lightsand sounds than what they have now. So better facilities are totallyunnecessary.

2. 【學(xué)校通知】：大學(xué)計(jì)劃增加校車班次和走更合理路線。好處1、對(duì)學(xué)生來說更方便。好處2、學(xué)生可以不用開車來學(xué)校了�！緦W(xué)生態(tài)度】：女生贊成。理由1、如果她有兩節(jié)課是連著的話，一個(gè)在這棟樓一個(gè)在那棟樓，去另外一棟樓不方便，會(huì)遲到。理由2、目前校車班次太少，她以前坐校車經(jīng)常遲到，所以她只有開車來學(xué)校，但現(xiàn)在汽油很貴，很花錢，這個(gè)計(jì)劃可以使她省很多錢。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to add more bus services andimprove the bus route.

The woman in the listening agrees with it for tworeasons.

First, if she has two classes in succession,it will be inconvenient to walk from this academic building to another one. Shewill be late for the class.

Second, at present, there are only a few buses.She usually waits a long time for a bus and be late for classes. So she canonly drive on campus. This plan will help save tons of money on gas.

3. READING:學(xué)校圖書管的新規(guī)定：本科生每次限借書10本(原來30本)，原因是學(xué)校保證書的質(zhì)量，而且會(huì)又更多的copy machine

MAN;認(rèn)為這個(gè)新政策很好，因?yàn)?0本書對(duì)于一個(gè)本科生來講已經(jīng)超過了他的有效閱讀范圍，比如上個(gè)學(xué)期他的歷史老師為他們布置了論文以及一些參考數(shù)目，但他到圖書館借的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的資料已經(jīng)被先到的3個(gè)女生都借走了，這對(duì)他來少很不公平;另外，更多的copy machine會(huì)帶來便利，因?yàn)榻钑鴷r(shí)會(huì)有一大部分時(shí)間花費(fèi)在查詢書上，由于沒有足夠的copy machine，所以新的機(jī)器會(huì)大大節(jié)省時(shí)間。學(xué)生把有用的 pages or chapters復(fù)印下來就可以了，copy machine is offered in the library.

Sample Answer:

The university plans to limit the number of booksthat each student could borrow at a time from 30 to 10.

The man in the listening agrees with it for tworeasons.

First, 30 books is beyond student's ability toread. For example, last semester, his history professor assigned him somepapers to finish and some reference books to read. But when he was at thelibrary, he found that all reference books were borrowed by other students. Iwas unfair to him.

Second, it will be more convenient to add morecopy machines. Students always spend a lot of time searching for the books theyneed due to lack of copy machines. With more copy machines, students can simplycopy the pages or chapters they need.

4. 然后就是一篇說學(xué)校支持學(xué)生買報(bào)紙，閱讀里說了三條，一個(gè)是把報(bào)紙價(jià)格壓低，然后聽力里妹子就說，報(bào)紙已經(jīng)夠便宜啦，才幾十個(gè)cents。第二條說是忘了。第三條說是叫人直接給學(xué)生送宿舍去，然后聽力的mm就說太扯啦，這個(gè)耗人力又要租車，太貴了，一點(diǎn)不可靠。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to lower the price of schoolnewspaper.

The woman in the listening disagrees with it fortwo reasons.

First, school newspaper is cheap. It only costtens of cents.

Second, delivering newspaper to dormitories isnot realistic. The university has to hire people and rent a van. That is a hugecost.

5. 第三題是講學(xué)校打算培訓(xùn)一批新的宿舍管理員，通過新老經(jīng)驗(yàn)交流的方式。女生覺得這是一個(gè)很好的想法，首先她當(dāng)過宿管后有很多很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)如何去處理事務(wù)糾紛等問題，這樣的話新人能夠從這里學(xué)到很多;其次這也樣老一批宿管能夠有時(shí)間去處理其他問題諸如學(xué)生宿舍的調(diào)配什么的。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to train a group of new dormmanagers.

The woman in the listening agrees with it for tworeasons.

First, she's been a dorm manager. She obtained alot of practical experience about how to deal with disputes and emergencies.

Second, the old dorm managers can make time todeal with some other things like living arrangement or distribution.

6. A letter tothe newspaper

Reading material：學(xué)生給校報(bào)的一封信。認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在學(xué)校的機(jī)房(computer lab)里機(jī)器少，人多，他經(jīng)常需要等待很長時(shí)間才能挨上，建議建立sign-up system制度，學(xué)生可以提前預(yù)定，可以保留一小時(shí)，這樣就efficient了。

Listen material：男女兩個(gè)對(duì)話，女生認(rèn)為不可行。

(1)允許預(yù)定意味著，原先正在上機(jī)做作業(yè)、查信息的學(xué)生必須到時(shí)下線time limited,強(qiáng)制退出，這樣他們就被打斷了intervene;這樣inconvenience，又ineffictive。

(2)允許預(yù)定還會(huì)帶來noisy。有學(xué)生先預(yù)定了，但來得晚，后來預(yù)定的學(xué)生來得早，它想先上又不行，他們就會(huì)吵架，影響別人(這一個(gè)沒聽好，說的也一般。)

Sample Answer:

The written letter suggests that the universityshould establish sign-up system in computer lab.

The woman in the listening disagrees with it fortwo reasons.

First, with sign-up system, the students who aredoing their assignments or searching for information at the computers must signoff the computers by force by the time limit. That'll interrupt their work. Itis very inconvenient.

Second, it will give rise to quarrels. Forexample, if the student who's booked a reservation is late, some other studentswant to use the reserved computer, they might get into a dispute with eachother.

7. 化學(xué)院決定獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)化學(xué)拿高分的學(xué)生，然后男同學(xué)不同意，說一個(gè)是因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)有很多incentives激勵(lì)我們學(xué)習(xí)了，例如考研。另個(gè)一原因是與其獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)學(xué)生，不如改善設(shè)備，因?yàn)樵O(shè)備陳舊，這樣就不知好學(xué)生享受到福利了。)

Sample Answer:

The university's chemistry department decides toreward top students.

The man in the listening disagrees with it fortwo reasons.

First, there are still a lot of incentives.

Second, the university should use the money toimprove facilities which are out dated and run-down rather than grant an awardto top students.

8. 學(xué)校的劇院可以租給校外演戲的劇組。好處1，學(xué)生夏天在學(xué)校沒什么活動(dòng)，只能上課，有劇組來演戲可以增加娛樂。好處2，學(xué)校劇院的設(shè)備很舊了，需要更新�？梢杂贸鲎鈩≡嘿嵉腻X來買一些劇院需要的椅子之類的東西。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to rent the on-campustheater to off-campus film crew.

(注意，下面這段這到底是reading還是listening，大家考試時(shí)搞清楚)

First, students have no activities in summers buttaking classes. Film crew will provide more entertainments.

Second, the equipments in the school theatre areold and run-down and need to be replaced. The university could use the rent tobuy new chairs.

9. 一學(xué)生寫信建議更改學(xué)校graduateceremony的地址，覺得去lawn比在室內(nèi)好，因?yàn)槭覂?nèi)的椅子有限，而室外很大，而且在室外很 游客都口可以看到，有氣氛。

男生反駁，a 室內(nèi)有椅子可以坐，比站著好：b室內(nèi)有攝像，家長可以在電視里面看直播。

Sample Answer:

The written letter suggest that the universityshould move graduate ceremony to the lawn.

The man in the listening disagrees with it fortwo reasons.

First, there are chairs in the room. Sitting isbetter than standing.

Second, there is camera in the room. The parentscould have a direct broadcast there.

10. 托福機(jī)經(jīng)閱讀說學(xué)校對(duì)theatre專業(yè)的有新要求take a trip off campus，看專業(yè)的product，要花35元。？女的問男的態(tài)度，男的很歡迎，說對(duì)理解有幫助，花錢也不多，花3次的錢可以看？一次免費(fèi)的。!

11. passage： 學(xué)校為了幫助學(xué)生解決電腦問題，準(zhǔn)備雇用一些paid student technician

這些technician要住在宿舍，為了給大家提供24小時(shí)的服務(wù)。 作為回報(bào)，住宿的費(fèi)用減低一半

Conversation： 女的覺得這是個(gè)好主意，第一點(diǎn). 她有一次做作業(yè)做到很晚， 電腦freeze了， 修不好，她只能抱著一大堆書去圖書館用電腦。 但是第二天她一個(gè)朋友說這是個(gè)很簡單的問題，一下子就解決了，如果有student technician能幫她解決這個(gè)問題，就太好了。

第二點(diǎn)，降低一半的住宿費(fèi)很不錯(cuò)，因?yàn)樽∷拶M(fèi)太貴了， 她也想去競選這個(gè)職位

Sample Answer:

The university plans to hire some paid studenttechnician to help the students who have computer problems.

The woman in the listening agrees with it for tworeasons.

First, once she was dealing with her assignmentlate at night, and her computer broke down. She couldn't fix it, so she couldonly go to the library with a bundle of books to do her homework. It was veryannoying. But the next day, one of her friend helped her fix her computer atone blow.

Second, cutting the accommodation in half wouldbe great. She really wants to apply for the job.

12. 學(xué)校要開展環(huán)境保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，提高學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí)，現(xiàn)在的環(huán)境專業(yè)在讀學(xué)生才能參加。聽力：男生反對(duì)。1. 現(xiàn)在大部分學(xué)生的環(huán)保意識(shí)已經(jīng)非常強(qiáng)烈，出門都會(huì)關(guān)燈，不存在告示里說的環(huán)保意識(shí)薄弱的現(xiàn)象，學(xué)校的樣本數(shù)據(jù)太小。2.項(xiàng)目應(yīng)該向全體學(xué)生成員開放，特別是項(xiàng)目還要提供相關(guān)方面的培訓(xùn)。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to carry out environmentalprotection activities.

The man in the listening disagrees with it fortwo reasons.

First, now most of students have very strongenvironmental awareness. They always turn off the light when they leave. Thesample data is too small.

Second, the university should open it to allstudents.

13. 閱讀材料是學(xué)校通知下學(xué)期將開設(shè)interviewskill workshop，會(huì)請(qǐng)外？面的職業(yè)？人？士來學(xué)

校模擬interview，幫學(xué)？生更好的準(zhǔn)備以後找？工作。對(duì)話？里兩個(gè)？人都很喜歡這個(gè)

program，因?yàn)?，附近的其他學(xué)校都沒有開設(shè)這個(gè)program，所以他們會(huì)變得

competitive;2，除了能教你skill，meeting and chattingwith這些不同？行業(yè)的？人能夠

build up connections。

Sample Answer:

The university plans to establish interview skillworkshop starting next semester and invite some professionals to give a mockinterview.

The student in the listening agrees with it fortwo reasons.

First, other schools don't have this program. Sothe students will become more competitive.

Second, the mock interview will not only teachsome practical skills, but also provide a chance to chat with the professionalsand build up connections with them.

14. 建議信：學(xué)生建議學(xué)校取消在宿舍休息室里的電視，兩個(gè)原因：1.有了電視大家都不聊天了，都各看各電視;2.電視聲音會(huì)打擾到附近宿舍的學(xué)生。

男生反對(duì)這個(gè)建議，原因：1.食堂是大家放松的地方，電視是給大家放松用的，要學(xué)可以去圖書館，撤電視對(duì)其他學(xué)生不公平。另外大家一起看了電視節(jié)目才會(huì)有談資，尤其是political的，學(xué)生們可能會(huì)有strong opinion,然后就會(huì)share;2.只要關(guān)上休息室的門就不會(huì)打擾到周圍的人了，學(xué)�？梢栽诜块g門上put a sign to remind students。。

Sample Answer:

The written letter suggests that the universityshould remove the television in the lounge.

The man in the listening is strongly against theproposal for two reasons.

First, lounge is the place for relaxation.Watching TV is very relaxing. If some students need to study, they can go tothe library. Removing the television is totally unfair. Students can talk aboutsome political TV programs. Different students might hold different views onthe issue and then they will share with each other.

Second, if it is noisy, they can close the doorof the lounge. So it won't disturb other students nearby. And the universitycould also put up a sign to remind students.

15. 閱讀是一封來自professor給學(xué)生每人都發(fā)的一封郵件，關(guān)于下學(xué)期的教學(xué)策略。內(nèi)容是：首先，要求每個(gè)人在最后完成assignments之后，會(huì)被教授叫到辦公室進(jìn)行one-on-one talk，談一下這個(gè)學(xué)生的成績，解釋清楚為毛給這個(gè)成績;另外，允許學(xué)生對(duì)他問他questions from classwork，包括當(dāng)時(shí)在課堂上沒有機(jī)會(huì)問老師的問題。

聽力，男的非常贊同(女的醬油)。理由是，第一，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常碰到最后考試成績低于自己期望值的情況，但是又很尷尬不能去問老師到底為毛這么低，這樣教授提供一個(gè)解釋，就讓他們釋然了;第二是，能夠問老師更多問題當(dāng)然是很好的，當(dāng)時(shí)課堂基本就是聽教授的lecture，沒什么機(jī)會(huì)提問，這又是機(jī)會(huì)了。

16. University decision : no parking of first year undergraduate student to reduce traffic problem. conversation-> The man doest agree, 1.because there are 8,500 freshmen applying for school parking. The decision won't resolve the traffic problem.需求的車位遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于100個(gè) 2. University should build new parking lots. For example, there is a empty space behind football play ground.

TASK FOUR

1. impact bias

2. General的觀點(diǎn)，human behavior是consists of a serial of simple behavior。有一種方法叫chaining，教授給個(gè)例子，他給她女兒教的洗手動(dòng)作分解：1.開水龍頭，2.把手伸出來，3.打肥皂，4.把手收回，5.關(guān)水龍頭。然后他女兒就會(huì)洗手了。

Sample Answer:

The professor gives us an example to illustratethe concept of behavior chaining. For example, one day the professor taught hisdaughter to wash hands. He divided motions up into a series of steps—turned onthe tap, put hands out, soaped hands, pulled hands back and turned off the tap.

3. 說學(xué)習(xí)興趣 給了一個(gè)定義 就是教學(xué)的時(shí)候 要把書本材料和學(xué)生現(xiàn)有興趣聯(lián)系起來 教授聚了一個(gè)他老婆的例子 講居里夫人 一開始學(xué)生們都不能集中精力 后來他老婆找到一個(gè)關(guān)于居里夫人的電影， 說了一些他的發(fā)明 和故事， 很多對(duì)電影感興趣的同學(xué)也就開始對(duì)居里夫人感興趣， 注意力很容易就集中了。InterestBoosting teacher sometimes use this technique to boost the interest of studentsin class by showing the material of the subject. For example, the speaker'swife teaches science in high school, when she tried to showing something( Iforgot the name), students do not seem to care about that. Then his wife usethe strategy by bring the copy of the movie which related to the subject,because she thinks that students love that movie and the main actor, as aresult, student really paid more attention on that.

Sample Answer:

Theprofessor gives us an example to illustrate the concept of ( )

The professor's wife is teaching science in highschool. One day, she lectured on Madame Curie. At first, the students seemedunconcerned and distracted. Then she successfully drew the students' attentionback to the class by broadcasting them a movie-Madame Curie meanwhile she wasintroducing some inventions and stories about Curie. Students loved that movieand the main character. As a result, the students got more involved in and paidmore attention to the class.

4. 文本講了stimulusdiscrimination 例子說seal海豹聽聲音來決定keep oneating還是leave，動(dòng)物可以根據(jù)判斷sound，smell，movement來得知其他物種的情況

lecture里教授列舉了一種X動(dòng)物，這種動(dòng)物能根據(jù)判斷sound來知道別的動(dòng)物是否要捕獵他們。如果對(duì)方的聲音不complex，他們就知道對(duì)方?jīng)]有攻擊的意思，就繼續(xù)自己的eating，它們才不浪費(fèi)自己的energy呢;如果對(duì)方的聲音complex，它們就知道對(duì)方要捕食它們了，這是就要escape了。

Sample Answer:

Theprofessor gives us one example to explain the concept of stimulusdiscrimination.

Forexample, seals will decide to keep on eating or escape based on its predators'sound, smell and movement. If their predators make a simple sound then sealsknow that the predators don't attempt to attack, so they are gonna keep oneating and won't waste energy to escape. If their predators make complex sound,then seals know that they are gonna be preyed on. So they would decide toescape.

5. 【課文要點(diǎn)】：

personality attribution error:

人們總會(huì)把錯(cuò)誤歸結(jié)為personality上面，而忽略了一些客觀的外部條件。

【教授舉例】：

教授(男)用自己的例子做了解釋。一次他參加一個(gè)會(huì)議，遲到了十分鐘，他很安靜的進(jìn)入會(huì)場，沒打擾到其他人。在會(huì)中教授向演講者(女)問了一個(gè)問題，但是她并沒有搭理教授，而且看著有些生氣。教授后來了解了情況才意識(shí)到，女演講者在會(huì)議開始就說了今天時(shí)間緊張，讓大家不要提問，下次開會(huì)的時(shí)候再提問。而女演講者以為教授故意忽略了她一開始做的說明，她并不知道教授遲到了，沒聽到她做那個(gè)說明。

6. Reading: natural consequence講的小孩做錯(cuò)事，大人可以不用懲罰，由著做錯(cuò)事的結(jié)果來懲罰孩子。

Listening: 教授5歲的女兒經(jīng)常把玩具放在后院，平常教授都幫女兒收拾。一天女兒還是把玩具放在后院，教授沒有幫收拾，那天晚上下雨，把他的玩具損壞了，女兒在這件事后認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)，以后再也不把玩具放在后院了。

7. 第四題是講生物分工的，為了獲得更高的效率。講的一種動(dòng)物以樹葉為食，它們?cè)诠ぷ髦蟹殖扇�組：第一組負(fù)責(zé)把葉片從樹上弄下來，第二組在地上成堆的葉子中將其切成適合搬運(yùn)的小塊，第三組將這些小塊搬回巢穴。最后說這樣的話它們避免了來回跑而過早耗盡體力。

8. internal competition

reading passage:

companies have some successful products 占據(jù)市場;但它們會(huì)introduce new products, 于是consumers 不買舊的買這個(gè)公司新的了。所以internal competition 意味著同個(gè)公司內(nèi)部new products 搶了established products的profits， 簡單來說就是公司內(nèi)部自己的新舊產(chǎn)品之間競爭。但這是沒辦法的，必須引進(jìn)新產(chǎn)品，因?yàn)樾庐a(chǎn)品才能和別的公司競爭。

lecture:

教授說自己當(dāng)教授前是一個(gè)automobile公司的總監(jiān)之類的，他們公司之前有個(gè)top sell的small cars, 長得不好看但實(shí)用安全。后來別的公司的車挺時(shí)尚的，于是他公司為了競爭也產(chǎn)了一款新的more stylish的車。于是他公司的擁躉不買舊款買新款了。但這是必須的，因?yàn)闉榱薱ome up with其他公司，與其他公司競爭

9. Reading: emotion display? (情緒表達(dá)規(guī)則). It means the expression of emotion depends onthe society in which we are live in.

Listening: professor uses an example of his 4years’ old daughter. She had a birthday party last year. Prior to the party,parents told her that she should hide the negative emotion when she didn’t likethe gift received.

Her grandmother gave her a cute clothes as agift. But the girl didn’t like it and felt disappointed. Before her negativeemotion became too obvious, her mom said the clothes was very cute. The girlsuddenly realized that she should say thank you to grandmother and she didthat.

10. 環(huán)境的selfpurification。 聽力舉例說森林里的stream，落葉會(huì)掉里面，如果不及時(shí)清理的話就把河道堵住了，影響水里的生物生存。好在stream能self purification，里面的微生物能broke down葉子然后吃掉，這樣樹葉就不會(huì)大量的堆積水里。

11. 先聽了一段話，講了動(dòng)植物之間的關(guān)系，用的蜜蜂和花的關(guān)系。先說蜜蜂和花可以互惠。蜜蜂采蜜當(dāng)食物，同時(shí)給花傳播花粉。后來又說了，還有一種情況就是不平等關(guān)系。例舉有一種花有很鮮艷的顏色，引誘蜜蜂去采蜜，但是其實(shí)沒有花蜜。雖然蜜蜂沒有采到花蜜，但是還是傳播了花粉。最后問，花的花粉可以傳播，但是蜜蜂得到了什么呢

12. contrast effect

大概意思就是說，人們?cè)诳匆患�東西的時(shí)候，往往會(huì)拿它和另外一個(gè)類似的東西比較，而不是基于這個(gè)東西本身的價(jià)值。 在人評(píng)價(jià)人的時(shí)候，往往會(huì)拿一個(gè)認(rèn)識(shí)的人和他比較

lecture：教授舉了自己的例子， 自己年輕的時(shí)候去找房子，一開始看了很多爛房子small and crap，很受不了。 突然看到了一個(gè)還可以的bigger and seems nicer。 就定下來了。 因?yàn)楹颓懊娴姆孔颖容^。 但是等他搬進(jìn)去，發(fā)現(xiàn)還是太小，他的家具什么的都放不下，而且現(xiàn)在看起來也沒有那么nice。 他還是應(yīng)該更耐心一點(diǎn)去找更多的。

13. ？一business class介紹了fast following這個(gè)concept，which means？一些公司不願(yuàn)意be

the first to try new products，於是如果別的公司推出了innovative的new product，

他們會(huì)快速效仿。例？子是？一video game company顛覆傳統(tǒng)，？用感應(yīng)？人的動(dòng)作的

movement sensor代替controller(不就是wii嗎。。。。。。)，市場反應(yīng)很好。於是

另外？一家公司？馬上效仿這個(gè)做法，？而且還improve了他們的graphic quality，所以市場

上？人們都灰常like it and buy it。

14. Echolocation: detect objects or position throughthe refection of sound.

In the lecture, the professor use bat as anexample. First, it can detect location through echolocation to avoid crash on atree. Second, it can detect the mouse to prey it.

教授舉了蝙蝠抓老鼠的例子，靠聲波定位，一是判斷是什么東西，大小如何，位置在哪里。二是辨別這是老鼠，還是樹。三是判斷離獵物的距離，是不是越來越接近了

15. 主要是說人們對(duì)做一件事情有興趣，但是在會(huì)有壓力，有有利的地方也有弊端。approach-avoidance conflict.這個(gè)產(chǎn)生的原因是當(dāng)一個(gè)人有了一個(gè)目標(biāo)以后，會(huì)被這個(gè)目標(biāo)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)所吸引，而趨近這個(gè)目標(biāo)，但是也會(huì)因?yàn)檫@個(gè)目標(biāo)的缺點(diǎn)而想要回避這個(gè)目標(biāo)，尤其是在很接近這個(gè)目標(biāo)的時(shí)候。

聽力：教授舉例他的一個(gè)朋友，立志當(dāng)老師。由于之前沒有做過老師，對(duì)這個(gè)職業(yè)非常有興趣。剛開始的時(shí)候熱情高漲，而且也很努力，最后終于成為了老師。但是等她做了老師之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)原來老師要做那么那么的工作，除了上課之外，課外也要做很多工作，不得不放棄自己的周末休息時(shí)間去批改作業(yè)，準(zhǔn)備下周的課。當(dāng)老師是她的畢生理想，但是她只是很喜歡在教室里講課和與學(xué)生互動(dòng)的感覺�，F(xiàn)在卻發(fā)現(xiàn)老師更多的工作是在教室外，因此開始產(chǎn)生stress，甚至有點(diǎn)抵觸情緒，害怕做老師。問題：解釋approach-avoid conflict.

16. 心理學(xué)的概念extinction，extinction of behavior(意思是行為得不到reward就會(huì)停止，最后消失)講座舉例子，說媽媽帶孩子去超市。小孩看到cookie要買，不給買就大哭，媽媽give in買了，這樣就是encourage 了孩子，建議辦法是下次在領(lǐng)他去商店時(shí)候，ignore him，就讓他哭，次數(shù)多了，孩子就習(xí)慣了，知道這種行為不對(duì)。

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TASK FIVE

1. 男生急著要完成藝術(shù) paper，但必需要去museum才能完成，而museum 明天就要關(guān)門了，只能今晚去，可是這個(gè)男生今晚又有課要上。

女生給了兩個(gè)建議：

(1)向負(fù)責(zé) paper 的教授請(qǐng)求延遲交，男生說這樣教授會(huì)生氣的;

(2)向今晚上課的老師請(qǐng)假，然後去museum，缺的內(nèi)容可以回來再抄筆記，(男生從不缺課，上課的老師會(huì)體諒他)。

Sample Answer:

Theman has a problem. He has a paper about art to finish. He needs to go to themuseum but the museum will close tomorrow. He could also go there tonight buthe's got a class to take.

Thereare two solutions available.

Hecould either ask the professor for a deadline extension or ask for a leave ofabsence of the class tonight and go to the museum. He could copy other notesfor the missing part.

Ipersonally recommend him to take the first solution.

Weought to decide what priority the emergency rated. If he took the firstsolution, the professor might get agree at him, but he deserves it. Heshouldn't have waited until the last minute to write his paper. If he took thesecond solution, even the professor doesn't mind his absence, but learning withthe professor will never be the same as copying notes. He'll never get themissing part of the class.

2. 男學(xué)生下周有一個(gè)Job interview,但是他把他的Suit忘在家里了.女同學(xué)給他兩個(gè)建議,一是可以找他的roommate借,問題是roommate的衣服稍微有一點(diǎn)大，lookssluggish.另一個(gè)建議是去買一套,但是這就意味這這個(gè)男人要把自己本來用來買自行車的錢花掉,而且這個(gè)自行車是他一直想要的.問題: 請(qǐng)敘述這個(gè)男人的問題,并且說明女人給他的建議,你認(rèn)為那個(gè)好?

Sample Answer

The man has a problem. He’s going to a jobinterview, but he left his suit back in home. There are two solutionsavailable. He could either borrow a suit from his roommate or buy a new suit.

I personally recommend him to buy a new suit.Even he wants to use this money to buy a bicycle, but I think we have to lookupon matters with a long-term perspective. If he gets the job, he could use hiswage to buy the bicycle. By contrast, if he borrows his roommate’s suit whichis a litter bigger. He will look sluggish and leave a very bad first impressionto the interviewer and lose the job opportunity close at hand. (120)

3. 困難: 有個(gè)男生Sam負(fù)責(zé)在學(xué)校放電影，然后這星期他還請(qǐng)到了professor來介紹電影(在電影放映前)。但是professor臨時(shí)家里有事就cancel了這個(gè)lecture. Sam自己就想了兩種解決辦法，一是reschedule, 但是怕好多學(xué)生臨時(shí)沒看到通知還是去了。另外一種是他自己準(zhǔn)備材料講，但是就會(huì)少了Q&A環(huán)節(jié)，因?yàn)樗麤]辦法回答學(xué)生問題。

Sample Answer:

The man Sam has a problem. He is in charge ofbroadcasting movies. He invited a professor to give an introduction of themovie before it played. But the professor temporarily canceled the appointmentbecause of some private affairs at home.

There are two solutions available.

Sam could either reschedule the show or prepareand do the introduction part in person.

I recommend him to do the introduction part byhimself. Since if he rescheduled the show, many students who didn't receive theinformation would show up on time. They must be very disappointed or fly into arage. And plus, if he's worrying about not being able to give the Q&Asession. I suggest him to collect the questions and send them to the professorlater by email and get the feedbacks from the professor and put them online.

4. man的roommate要搬到in campus，所以他要找一個(gè)新室友。倆solution，一個(gè)是前室友的朋友，人不錯(cuò)但是有些messy。第二個(gè)是學(xué)校里貼advertisement。問你支持哪個(gè)，為啥。

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. His roommate is moving offcampus, so he has to make a decision about his living arrangement.

There are two solutions for him.

The first solution is to live with his previousroommate's friend.

The second solution is to post advertisementtrying to get a new roommate.

Personally, I recommend him to take the firstsolution. Although he's worried that his roommate's friend is nice but has verybad living habits. He always makes room messy. But I think they can make a dealto clean up the room in turns. Look if he takes the other solution, the resultwould be worse. (worry缺失)

5. 女生的腳踝在她踢球的時(shí)候受傷了，沒辦法開車，而她還有個(gè)兼職去教書，到那里沒有公車，想搭計(jì)程車，太貴;男生也覺得出租貴，建議她找個(gè)朋友搭她去;女生說到那里太遠(yuǎn)，要個(gè)把小時(shí)，她讓朋友帶過，但不好意思經(jīng)常讓朋友麻煩。簡述女生的問題和提出的解決方法，說出你的建議。

Sample Answer:

The woman has a problem. When she played soccer,she sprained her ankle. Unfortunately, She has a part time job to teach in alocal school. Now she couldn't drive and there's no bus that goes directly tothe school.

There are two solutions for her.

The first solution is to take a taxi.

The second solution is to make her friend driveher to the school.

I personally recommend the first solution.Although she's worried that taking a taxi is too expensive. But I think of twoevils the least should be taken. Look, if she takes the other solution, theresult would be worse. That school is very far away from her campus. It'll takeher friend a couple of hours to drive her there. That's bothering.

6. 【學(xué)生困難】：男生的朋友送了他一張今天晚上演唱會(huì)的門票，演唱會(huì)有他最喜歡的band的演出，但是男生有一個(gè)history paper明天要交，時(shí)間沖突了。

【解決方案】：

1. 去演唱會(huì)，回家再寫paper, 但是要熬通宵;

2. 不去演唱會(huì)，把票給別人。但是這個(gè)演唱會(huì)N年一次，錯(cuò)過了可能很多年以后才能聽到。

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He has a ticket to a concerttonight where there is his favorite band. But unfortunately, he has to dealwith a history paper due tomorrow.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to go to the concert, andwrite the paper later at night.

The second solution is to give the ticket tosomeone else.

I personally recommend the second solution.

Although he's worried that he doesn't want missthe concert or he has to wait for a couple years to hear it again. But I thinkof two evils the least should be taken. If he takes the other solution, theresult would be worse. He has to stay up late at night and be less energetic inclasses the next day. That's worse.

7. 第五題是一個(gè)男生管女生借了筆記，約好了今天早上還回去，但是女生早上聯(lián)系不到，明天就要考試了，男生馬上也有事情。旁邊的人給了兩個(gè)建議，一個(gè)是直接去宿舍把本子交給室友，但是男生會(huì)遲到;另一個(gè)是將其放入信箱中并發(fā)短信告知，但可能女生收到時(shí)會(huì)耽誤很多時(shí)間。

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He's supposed to returnthe note to the girl this morning. They'll have an exam tomorrow. But he can'tconnect with the girl.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to go to the girl's dormand give the note to her in person.

The second solution is to leave the note to themail box and send the girl a message and let her get the note by herself.

I personally recommend the first solution.Although he's worried that, he might be late for his class, but I think onecan't not stand without credit. He has to keep his words. And if he takes theother solution, the result would be worse. The girl might waste some time toget the note and get behind in her study.

8. 男同學(xué)有個(gè)作業(yè)就是同一個(gè)叫Sara的女同學(xué)搭檔演舞臺(tái)劇，可是搭檔病了。

女生建議：explain thesituation to the prof.,改天演;男生不同意，reschedule到下周，下周還有另一個(gè)play要演;男生自己有個(gè)想法：男同學(xué)說Sara演得很好，他想給她打電話看她能否帶病堅(jiān)持演出。(女生說真是good friend)，但男生覺得不好(不人道)

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He's supposed to play arole in a drama. But his partner Sara got sick.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to reschedule the play tonext week.

The second solution is the ask Sara to play inspite of her illness.

I personally recommend the first solution.Although he's worried that he has another play to deal with next week. He'sgonna be so busy. But I think of two evils the least should be taken. Look, ifhe takes the other solution, the result would be worse. Sara might get worse.That's not humane.

9. 女學(xué)生今天第一天到報(bào)社實(shí)習(xí)，但是又感冒了，就糾結(jié)去不去，一個(gè)是跟boss說因?yàn)楦忻熬筒蝗チ耍�改天。一個(gè)又覺得第一天應(yīng)該給個(gè)好印象，吃點(diǎn)藥再堅(jiān)持去。

Sample Answer:

The woman has a problem. It is the first day ofher internship in school newspaper. But she got a bad cold.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to explain to the boss andask for a leave of absence.

The second solution is to take some medicine andgo.

I personally recommend her to take the firstsolution. Although she's worried that she might give a very bad impression tothe boss on the first day. But I think of two evils the least should be taken.Look, if she takes the other solution, she might get worse. Sound health is thecapital of revolution.

10. 一女生要為她們的club的活動(dòng)做接待。方法一，自己去，但有物理課不能去了，學(xué)生會(huì)對(duì)他印象不好。二室友去，但是室友不是她們這個(gè)club里的，但是她很友好，可以招更多人。club affair 和radio club tomorrow時(shí)間有沖突

Sample Answer:

The woman has a problem, she's a receptionist inher club.(信息不完整，可能是這個(gè)活動(dòng)的receptionist有什么情況來不了了。注意考試仔細(xì)聽)

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to take the position byherself.

The second solution is to ask her roommate totake her place.

I personally recommend her to take the firstsolution. Although she's worried that she has a physics class to take. But Istill of two evils the least should be taken. Look, if she takes the othersolution, the result would be worse. Her roommate isn't in her club. She hasher own duty. So asking her roommate to help her but abandon her own duty is soselfish.

(這個(gè)her太亂了，考試是注意聽她室友的名字，說名字，估計(jì)又叫Sara...)

11. Problem: The man has to choose a father routewith more traffic jam because his old route is being reconstructed, and he hasbeen late for the history classes for several times.

Solution 1: Wake up earlier than usual

Pro: He can arrive at school on time

Con: Sometimes he has to work until late atnight, and he won't be able to wake up early the next morning.

Solution2: He can take this class the nextsemester.

Pro: It won't be a problem because it's only been2 weeks since they started this semester.

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He has to take a fartherroute with more traffic jam to get to campus, because the old route is beingreconstructed. And he's been already late for the history classes for severaltimes.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to wake up earlier thanusual.

The second solution is to take the history classnext semester.

I recommend him to take the first solution.Although he's worried that sometimes he has to work late at night. So he won'tbe able to get up earlier the next morning the next morning. But I think, hehas to adapt to it. Of two evils the least should be taken. Look if he takesthe other solution, the result would be worse. Don't charge any tasks totomorrow because tomorrow never comes.

12. 問題： 男生需要在寒假幫歷史教授寫新書 不能回家。 但他同時(shí)是籃球隊(duì)員，需要每天去gym鍛煉。 不過學(xué)校的gym冬天不開門

解決方法：1. 去town里面的gym。 有one-month-membership 剛好可以cover整個(gè)寒假。 里面有他需要的所有器材。 但是 75一個(gè)月太貴了 2. 去戶外跑步。 但是會(huì)很冷。

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He's supposed to help theprofessor to write a new book during winter break. So he can't go home. Buthe's on the basketball team. He needs to practice in the gym every day. But thegym is closed during winter break.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to go to the gym in townwhere there are compete facilities. And it has one-month-membership which canjust cover the whole winter break.

The second solution is to run outside.

I recommend him to take the second solution.Although it is cold outside, but all adversities are just trials to succeed.Look, if he takes the other solution, the result would be worse. It'll cost him75$ a month. He's a student relying on his parents' hard-earned cash. He shouldnot squander money.

13. 男生要搬家需要搬家具。1,租卡車。但是小卡車都沒有了，只剩下大卡車，要花更多的錢且沒必要。2，用朋友的車。但是要來回跑幾趟，費(fèi)時(shí)費(fèi)力。

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He's going to move offcampus. So he needs to rent a van.(瞎編的...)

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to rent a van.

The second solution is to borrow a van from hisfriend.

I recommend him to take the second solution.Although he's worried that he has to drive back and forth for several times.He's gonna be exhausted. But I think of two evils the least should be taken.Look, if he takes the other solution, the result would be worse. There is nosmall vans available but only big ones in the rental agency. He might have tospend more money for it. And as I know the best material must be used at thekey point. He doesn't want to squander his parents' hard-earned cash.

14. ？一男？生上星期回家visit parents，結(jié)果把guitar忘在家裡了，但他平時(shí)要和band排練最

近還準(zhǔn)備開個(gè)concert。？女？生建議他回家拿，他說可以是可以，但是就是太耗時(shí)，最近都

是full schedule除了busy with class還有a paper to write。第？二個(gè)辦法是問？一朋友借，

但是朋友的吉他not as niceas his，？而且他也？用不慣。問你的建議和理由。

Sample Answer:

The man has a problem. He left his guitar back inhome. But he's going to play in a concert next week, he needs his guitar torehearse.

There are two solutions.

The first solution is to go back home and get hisguitar.

The second solution is to borrow a guitar fromhis friend.

I strongly recommend him to take the firstsolution. Although he's worried that he has to spend a lot of time going home.And he has a busy schedule with classes and some papers to deal with. But Ithink of two evils the least should be taken. Look, if he takes the othersolution, the result would be worse. His friend guitar is not as good as his.And he's not used to it. I mean, if he doesn't play well in the concert, hemight ruin other's efforts.

15. 女生有麻煩。女生買了一張今晚話劇的票，是莎士比亞的哈姆雷特。約好和朋友一起去。但是明天有一個(gè)非常重要的生物考試，本來準(zhǔn)備今晚好好復(fù)習(xí)的。

Solution1: 帶書去看play，路程大概一個(gè)小時(shí)，在路上先復(fù)習(xí)一部分，等看完話劇回來在完成剩下的部分。但是她擔(dān)心在路上不能與朋友溝通social，朋友會(huì)不開心。

Solution2: 取消看話劇，專心復(fù)習(xí)一個(gè)晚上。但是她真的很想去看，而且已經(jīng)買好票了。

16. 男生有麻煩。他要完成art historyproject，有一個(gè)paper要做。教授推薦了一本書，說沒看這本書的話paper絕對(duì)做不好。但是這個(gè)教授同時(shí)給另外做同樣topic的女生推薦了同樣一本書，所以圖書館的only copy被那個(gè)女生捷足先登借走了，男生的時(shí)間很緊張。Solution1: 在網(wǎng)上買一本新的。男生認(rèn)為太貴了，雖然網(wǎng)上有賣的，但是網(wǎng)購需要付額外的運(yùn)費(fèi)，而且完成這個(gè)paper之后，這本書可能就再也用不到了。Solution2: 跟那個(gè)借走書的女生商量一下，能不能共用一本書。男生說問過了，那個(gè)女生說等她用完之后就給他。但是那個(gè)女生不知道什么時(shí)候能夠?qū)懲阷aper，再把書給男生。而這個(gè)paper下周就要交了，男生擔(dān)心自己所剩時(shí)間不多，可能來不及完成paper，影響paper的質(zhì)量。

TASK SIX

1. 心理學(xué)中的reinforcement,分為positivereinforcement和negative reinforcement兩種，即增加能夠激發(fā)個(gè)人興趣的東西和消除自己不喜歡的東西。

教授具體舉了兩個(gè)能實(shí)現(xiàn)早起上班的例子。

1. positive (add the pleasure): 早起獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己好的food, 這樣就可以讓你喜歡早起這種behavior.

2. negative (remove the unpleasant behavior), 不喜歡早上shower, 那么可以改在晚上，這樣人也就不會(huì)那么討厭早起。

Sample Answer:

Theprofessor's describing two kinds of reinforcement.

Thefirst one is positive reinforcement. For example, people who hate to get upearlier to work could reward themselves by having a very nice breakfast. Thenthey might likely rise with lark.

Thesecond one is negative reinforcement. For example, people who hate to shower inthe morning could change to have a shower in the evening. Then they would bemore likely to get earlier.

2. two things ancient human learned to keep the fireburning.

第一，technical knowledge. 發(fā)現(xiàn)木頭燒完后fire die out.偶然明白木頭是燃料，要keep burning, 就要add wood. 這是Technical understanding。

第二，social skills 如果大家同時(shí)睡覺，火就滅了，因此明白了合作的重要性，要輪流看火。

Sample Answer:

The professor is describing two ways by whichancient human kept fire burning.

The first way is technical knowledge. Ancienthuman occasionally found that wood was the fuel to keep fire burning. They hadto keep adding wood, or the fire would die out. The second way is socialskills. Ancient human noticed that if they all went to sleep at the same timeand no one kept an eye on the fire, the fire would went out. So they realizedthe importance of cooperation. So they took their turn being on night duty.

3. comparative marketing risk1 讓公眾知道了competitor的名字,publicity of the name 例子 某某

soup的廣告讓觀眾把taste better和競爭對(duì)手的名字聯(lián)系起來 risk2 insult consumers 例子 某A香波廣告

說某B香波廣告不好，會(huì)insult某B香波的使用者。

4. 講廣告讓受眾接受產(chǎn)品的兩個(gè)方法，一個(gè)是在合適的時(shí)間讓受眾看到，舉的例子是玩具車的廣告要在孩子們喜歡的電視節(jié)目的時(shí)間段播出，第二個(gè)好像是要和實(shí)際的產(chǎn)品結(jié)合(記不清了)，舉得例子似乎是他女兒和朋友們有個(gè)小玩具，然后最近要有關(guān)于這個(gè)玩具的節(jié)目上映了。

5. 教授說在深海中，有些魚能通過身體的某些器官發(fā)光來躲避捕食者，有兩種途徑，舉了兩個(gè)例子：一個(gè)較D的魚從嘴里發(fā)出光，突然找到捕食者，讓它們背光刺激的無法辨識(shí)，然后乘機(jī)逃走;另一種魚是通過身體發(fā)光，讓捕食者無法看到自己的影子，而逃過被捕食。描述這兩種魚是怎樣躲避捕食的。

Protecting method of some fish in the deep sea.

use light:1 to confuse the predator---deep sea shrimp: burst out light from its mouth, directly to the face of predator, then escape to cover the black shadow of itself---hatching fish: constant light in its stomach, camouflages the shadow made by its body, so the predator won't see it.

6. 第六題講的是兩種商業(yè)障礙(CommercialBarrier)：資金障礙和客戶忠誠度障礙，分別都是以建健身房作為例子，前者是你如果要建先要花大筆錢買器具，之后才能賺錢;后者是如果已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)，你需要想辦法提供新東西把客戶從之前的那個(gè)吸引過來。

7. 教授講兩種鳥如何偽裝自己的nest防止自己的baby被predator吃掉。一個(gè)是用自然的屏障，舉例magpie，把nest 藏在 bushes and shrubs里面，用樹叢和有尖刺的枝保護(hù)自己的巢。另外一種是用隱藏的方法。非洲一種Hxxxx鳥的策略是把nest藏在hollow tree里面 自己建一個(gè)door，自己造障礙，用粘土把開口搞的很小, 讓mate可以通過這個(gè)door給baby喂食，門關(guān)上后可以偽裝起來，捕食者不容易發(fā)現(xiàn)。

8. 商業(yè)課：說不好的logo會(huì)損害company，舉2個(gè)例：第一個(gè)例子沒聽懂是個(gè)干啥的公司，說什么dark color會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者認(rèn)為該公司產(chǎn)品不好;第二個(gè)例子是個(gè)賣手機(jī)的公司，結(jié)果logo的產(chǎn)品都是過時(shí)的(可能是父母年輕時(shí)候用的)，人們就不買他的手機(jī)，因?yàn)楦�不上技術(shù)的發(fā)展，太落后了

9. Question 6 【講課要點(diǎn)】：

美國發(fā)展快，主要原因之一就是railroad的發(fā)展：

1. 方便商品運(yùn)輸，舉例，某鐘表公司，有了鐵路，可以讓很多人都購買他的鐘表，不僅僅是那些本地的或周圍的，比較遠(yuǎn)的地方的人們也可以購買;

2. 讓公司located in new area，舉例，某公司依靠煤，有跌路后他們就可以選擇更好的地點(diǎn)而不是只在煤礦周圍，因?yàn)榈�路運(yùn)輸可以讓他們得到煤。

the effectof the expansion of rail road to the business:

1panies can sell products to all over the country

2. canlocate the factories on places where lack of natural resources like coal

10. fast current 的河里面的魚遇到challenge， 第一，水流太快，無法停留在一個(gè)地方，會(huì)被水流沖下去。 catfish，有著big和muscular的fin(魚鰭) 可以swimagainst水流;第二，水流太快，攜帶的食物無法吃到。 另一種魚trout有一種behavior可以解決這個(gè)問題。 一般來說河流中間的水最快，但是岸邊的水慢，trout就一直在岸邊附近，這樣就能吃到food--16

11. 老小公司廣告的兩種途徑

途徑一，concentrateon a small group of people.

例子: computerrepair company can put Ads in local newspaper which would cost less money.

途徑二，jointmarketing

例子: computerrepair company can exchange flyers with a company selling new computers thismethod can expand the reach of new consumers.

12. Lecture，關(guān)於migrating animal’s characteristics的，？一是這些migrating animal由於

要做？長途遷徙to reach their destination，會(huì)更focus，不會(huì)被別的東？西easily disturb

到，相對(duì)來說，local birds？一發(fā)現(xiàn)food就很瞎亂興奮。。。。。？二是migrating animal

tend to move in straight line，例？子是migrating shark會(huì)？用geomagnetism來定位直線

移動(dòng)，？而local animal就傾向于瞎亂移動(dòng)來找？食物。。。。。。。!

13. 講陸地生物怎么對(duì)付水下缺氧的辦法，一個(gè)是降低slow down body fuction，降低心率減少需氧量，提到一個(gè)動(dòng)物為例，忘了，另外一個(gè)辦法是減少呆在水下的時(shí)間，一種鳥盤旋在水上，看見魚后迅速潛入水中，身上的皮膚好像有一個(gè)功能阻止離地太遠(yuǎn)。

14. 聽力，教授講了兩種types ofcompany growth：internal growth andexternal growth(就是內(nèi)部和外部的區(qū)別)。internal的方式是reinvestment給自己公司，購置新的機(jī)器，對(duì)員工進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)等。舉例Wilson 超市公司，公司有很多老舊的機(jī)器(收銀機(jī))，工作效率很低。后來公司購置了新機(jī)器，工作效率一下子就提高了。因此吸引了很多新的顧客到店里，因?yàn)榇蠹液芸炀湍軌蚪Y(jié)賬，節(jié)省了很多時(shí)間。從而公司利潤增長。external就是增加分公司之類的，increase the number of their location就是投資并購相似的企業(yè)，購買企業(yè)的同時(shí)會(huì)得到其客戶群。還是舉例Wilson，并購了許多超市，同時(shí)也得到了客戶群。顧客不會(huì)因?yàn)槌�市的名字改變了就不去了。通過并購相似企業(yè)的方式，Wilson成長了，同時(shí)名字也變成了Wilsons。

15. 教授介紹了兩個(gè)basicprocesses of creating sculpture. 1. 去除式 subtractive process. 就是用cut away的方法來進(jìn)行，比如在堅(jiān)硬的東西上刻，如木頭石頭。但這個(gè)方法的特點(diǎn)是做錯(cuò)了不能補(bǔ)救lack the inspiration，因?yàn)榍械袅司褪乔械袅�，放不回去了。比如在刻鼻子的時(shí)候，如果刻出來的鼻子你不喜歡，只能整張臉重刻。2. 添加式 additive process. 就是往上加?xùn)|西的方法，比如在clay或者plastic上刻，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)往上加?xùn)|西，不喜歡的鼻子cut掉，換上新的即可。這種方式允許犯mistake.

16. Business management。關(guān)于商業(yè)管理。創(chuàng)業(yè)企業(yè)需要經(jīng)濟(jì)支持，因此要找投資商。找之前需要準(zhǔn)備兩份材料business plan (long, detailed)和executive summary計(jì)劃書 (most important, interesting to investors.)。

Business plan包括很多細(xì)節(jié)，厚得像書一樣，是給投資人深入分析的，然后才能決定是否投資。但是很多投資商都很忙，且商業(yè)計(jì)劃書內(nèi)容有些boring。因此投資商只有時(shí)間看概要，來確定是否繼續(xù)看計(jì)劃書的內(nèi)容。于是概要summary需要很簡短，只包括關(guān)鍵部分key，而且要有吸引力，能夠引起投資商的興趣。例子：教授的朋友開了一家家具店，以前的計(jì)劃書基本沒人看。后來通過概要，引起了很多投資商的興趣并且給他投資。

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