托福寫作中例證的角度有哪些？

很多人把例證狹隘地理解為寫一個(gè)具體鮮活地事例或者講一個(gè)故事，其實(shí)這只是例證的一種角度。如果只用這種角度例證會(huì)顯得單一和重復(fù)。例證有三個(gè)角度：泛例，特例和調(diào)查研究。接下來從三個(gè)角度分別講解：

托福寫作例證角度1.泛例

泛例就是泛舉一些普遍現(xiàn)象或群體來證明，不涉及具體事件，沒有具體場景和情節(jié)。我們來看一個(gè)例題：

Do you agree ordisagree with the following statement: Nowadays, young people nowadays are moreindependent than before.

用泛例的方式來例證可以這么寫：

The easier andwider education access makes young people more independent. For example, numerousteenagers go abroad and study overseas. In the new strange circumstance, theyhave to solve all the problems they confront mainly by themselves. Such experiencewill certainly strengthen their independence.

這個(gè)例證涉及的是出國留學(xué)的青少年群體，而不是具體個(gè)案。

托福寫作例證角度2.特例

特例就是具體事例和個(gè)案，帶情節(jié)。特例給人較強(qiáng)的真實(shí)感，可以是名人事例，也可以是自己或者身邊的事例。當(dāng)然也可以編，因?yàn)椴皇撬�以身邊的真�?shí)事例都跟要論證的觀點(diǎn)吻合。

同樣是前面那個(gè)關(guān)于青少年獨(dú)立性的題目，用特例的方式可以這么寫：

The easier andwider access makes young people more independent. For example, my cousin who is18 years old is studying in USA. Before he studied abroad, he relied heavily onhis parents and he even didn’t know how to do the laundry. Now he can handleall his daily chores thanks to the oversea study experience.

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托福寫作例證角度3.調(diào)查研究

調(diào)查研究式的例證就是某調(diào)查研究表明XXX， 后面可以跟數(shù)據(jù)，可以跟評(píng)論。不用擔(dān)心你沒看過什么調(diào)查研究，其實(shí)只是用調(diào)查研究的名頭來增強(qiáng)例證的說服力，后面的部分可以make up.

還是前面那個(gè)關(guān)于青少年獨(dú)立性的題目，用調(diào)查研究式的例證可以這么寫：

The easier andwider access makes young people more independent. A recent survey conducted bysome sociologists and psychologists suggests that the number of teenagers whostudy abroad is on a sharp rise in these years, which is a main contributor tothe independence in their character.

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