2014年12月6日雅思考試閱讀真題回憶

2014年12月6日雅思考試閱讀真題回憶Passage 1

話(huà)題：科技類(lèi)

題型：7 判斷 6 表格填空

題目：Wallpaper

文章大意：Wallpaper的發(fā)展

備考建議：第一篇文章題型要注意判斷題，沒(méi)熱身開(kāi)的同學(xué)很可能會(huì)被這個(gè)題型打亂題型。這種歷史發(fā)展類(lèi)文章一般按照時(shí)間順序架構(gòu)文章，具體可以參考C9T1P1進(jìn)行練習(xí)。

2014年12月6日雅思考試閱讀真題回憶Passage 2

話(huà)題：醫(yī)學(xué)類(lèi)

題型：5 段落細(xì)節(jié)配對(duì) 2 句子填空 6 多選

題目：Twins

文章大意：Twins在多大程度上受到基因的影響，牽涉到飲食習(xí)慣、遺傳疾病、性格取向。涉及到各個(gè)大學(xué)在不同地方做的研究。

備考建議：本篇文章題型有相當(dāng)?shù)碾y度，同時(shí)有段落細(xì)節(jié)匹配和兩組多選，如果是閱讀功底不是特別扎實(shí)的同學(xué)，段落細(xì)節(jié)匹配題就可以留到最后做。

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參考原文：Two of a kind
A THE scientific study of twins goesback to the late 19th century, when Francis Galton, an early geneticist,realised that they came in two varieties: identicaltwins born from one egg and non-identical twins that had come from two. Thatinsight turned out to be key, although it was not until 1924 that it wasused to formulate what is known as the twin rule of pathology, and twin studiesreally got going.

B The twin rule of pathology states thatany heritable disease will be more concordant (that is, more likely to bejointly present or absent) in identical twins than in non-identical twins—and,in turn, will be more concordant in non-identical twins than in non-siblings. Earlywork, for example, showed that the statistical correlation of skin-mole countsbetween identical twins was 0.4, while non-identical twins had acorrelation of only 0.2. (A score of 1.0 implies perfect correlation, whilea score of zero implies no correlation.) This result suggests that moles areheritable, but it also implies that there is an environmental component to thedevelopment of moles, otherwise the correlation in identical twins would beclose to 1.0.

C Twin research has shown that whetheror not someone takes up smoking is determined mainly by environmental factors,but once he does so, how much he smokes is largely down to his genes. And while a person's religion is clearly a cultural attribute, thereis a strong genetic component to religious fundamentalism. Twin studies arealso unraveling the heritability of various aspects of human personality.Traits from neuroticism and anxiety to thrill- and novelty-seeking all havelarge genetic components. Parenting matters, but it does not determinepersonality in the way that some had thought.

D More importantly, perhaps, twinstudies are helping the understanding of diseases such as cancer, asthma,osteoporosis, arthritis and immune disorders. And twins can be used, withinethical limits, for medical experiments. A study that administered vitamin C toone twin and a placebo to the other found that it had no effect on the common cold. The lesson from all today’s twinstudies is that most human traits are at least partially influenced by genes.However, for the most part, the age-old dichotomy between nature and nurture isnot very useful. Many genetic programs are open to input from the environment,and genes are frequently switched on or off by environmental signals. It isalso possible that genes themselves influence their environment. Some humanshave an innate preference for participation in sports. Others are drawn tonovelty. Might people also be drawn to certain kinds of friends and types ofexperience? In this way, a person’s genes might shape the environment they actin as much as the environment shapes the actions of the genes.

E In the past, suchresearch has been controversial. Josef Mengele, a Nazi doctor working at theAuschwitz extermination camp during the Second World War, was fascinated bytwins. He sought them out among arrivals at the camp and preserved them fromthe gas-chambers for a series of brutal experiments. After the war, CyrilBurt, a British psychologist who worked on the heredity of intelligence,tainted twin research with results that appear, in retrospect, to have beenrather too good. Some of his data on identical twins who had been reared apartwere probably faked. In any case, the prevailing ideology in the socialsciences after the war was Marxist, and disliked suggestions that differencesin human potential might have underlying genetic causes. Twin studies werethus viewed with suspicion.

F The ideologicalpendulum has swung back; however, as the human genome project and its aftermathhave turned genes from abstract concepts to real pieces of DNA. The role ofgenes in sensitive areas such as intelligence is acknowledged by all but a fewdie-hards. The interesting questions now concern how nature and nurtureinteract to produce particular bits of biology, rather than which of the two ismore important. Twin studies, which are a good way to ask these questions, areback in fashion, and many twins are enthusiastic participants in this research.

G Research at theTwinsburg festival began in a small way, with a single stand in 1979.Gradually, news spread, and more scientists began turning up. This year, half adozen groups of researchers were lodged in a specially pitched research tent.In one comer of this tent, Paul Breslin, who works at the Monell Institute inPhiladelphia, watched over several tables where twins sat sipping clear liquidsfrom cups and making notes. It was the team’s third year at Twinsburg. DrBreslin and his colleagues want to find out how genes influence humanperception, particularly the senses of smell and taste and those (warmth, cold,pain, tingle, itch and so on) that result from stimulation of the skin.Perception is an example of something that is probably influenced by both genesand experience. Even before birth, people are exposed to flavours such aschocolate, garlic, mint and vanilla that pass intact into the bloodstream, andthus to the fetus. Though it is not yet clear whether such pre-natal exposureshapes taste-perception, there is evidence that it shapes preferences for foodsencountered later in life.

H However, there areclearly genetic influences at work, as well—for example in the ability to tastequinine. Some people experience this as intensely bitter, even when it ispresent at very low levels. Others, whose genetic endowment is different, areless bothered by it. Twin studies make this extremely clear. Within a pair ofidentical twins, either both, or neither, will find quinine hard to swallow.Non-identical twins will agree less frequently.

I On the other sideof the tent Dennis Drayna, from the National Institute on Deafness and OtherCommunication Disorders, in Maryland, was studying hearing. He wants toknow what happens to sounds after they reach the ear. It is not clear, he says,whether sound is processed into sensation mostly in the ear or in the brain. DrDrayna has already been involved in a twin study which revealed that theperception of musical pitch is highly heritable. At Twinsburg, he is playing differentwords, or parts of words, into the left and right ears of his twinnedvolunteers. The composite of the two sounds that an individual reports hearingdepends on how he processes this diverse information and that, Dr Draynabelieves, may well be influenced by genetics.

J Elsewhere in themarquee, Peter Miraldi, of Kent State University in Ohio, was trying to findout whether genes affect an individual’s motivation to communicate with others.A number of twin studies have shown that personality and sociability areheritable, so he thinks this is fertile ground. And next to Mr. Miraldi was ateam of dermatologists from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. Theyare looking at the development of skin diseases and male-pattern baldness. Thegoal of the latter piece of research is to find the genes responsible formaking men's hair fall out.

K The busiest part ofthe tent, however, was the queue for forensic-science research intofingerprints. The origins of this study are shrouded in mystery. For manymonths, the festival's organisers have been convinced that the Secret Service-- the American government agency responsible for, among other things, thesafety of the presidents behind it. When The Economist contacted the Secret Servicefor more information, we were referred to Steve Nash, who is chairman of theInternational Association for Identification (IAI), and is also a detective inthe scientific investigations section of the Marin County Sheriffs Office inCalifornia. The IAI, based in Minnesota, is an organisation of forensicscientists from around the world. Among other things, it publishes the Journal of ForensicIdentification.

2014年12月6日雅思考試閱讀真題回憶Passage3

話(huà)題：藝術(shù)類(lèi)

題型：4 單選 5 判斷 5 人名觀(guān)點(diǎn)配對(duì)

題目：Graffiti

文章大意：人們的接受程度，以及它的好處，存在的原因和人們對(duì)它的認(rèn)同或分歧（紐約城市）

備考建議：這篇文章的題型還是挺照顧那些做題速度比較慢的同學(xué)的，如果在第二篇耗費(fèi)過(guò)多時(shí)間，這篇有9道題可以供你蒙題。

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謝雨琇

新通外語(yǔ)南京分校資深教師，有超強(qiáng)邏輯思維能力和語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)，能夠充分與學(xué)生互動(dòng)，激發(fā)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)熱情，曾在加拿大前十學(xué)�？�爾頓大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)交流

 

羅明惠

新通外語(yǔ)南京分校資深教師，語(yǔ)言學(xué)碩士，雅思考試聽(tīng)力9分，閱讀9分，教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)極其豐富。善于定位學(xué)生問(wèn)題，發(fā)掘?qū)W生潛力，幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)行針對(duì)性突破，快速提高分?jǐn)?shù)。