托福雅思寫作技巧：Paraphrase

無論在托福綜合寫作還是雅思寫作中都會用到paraphrase的技巧，本文將從兩個方面講述一下改寫的方法：

第一，使用不同的詞匯

a.使用同義詞，比如以下的一些寫作高頻詞匯的同義詞應(yīng)作為重點掌握的對象，出現(xiàn)的較為頻繁。
　　important→essential, crucial, vital, significant
　　think→claim, believe, consider, deem, figure out
　　nowadays→currently, at present, now, recently, in recent years,these days

b.改變詞性，這種方法稍微難一些，要求學(xué)生的語法基礎(chǔ)較好才能靈活自如的運用。
　　n. → v.
　　Eg：When we look at a comparison between A and B…
　　When we compare A and B…
　　Adj. → n.
　　There are a variety of solutions to the problem.
　　There are various solutions to the problem.

c.使用不同的承接詞。承接詞在寫作中發(fā)揮的作用非常大，不僅是段落和段落的連接，還包括句子和句子的連接。背住一些常用的承接詞對改寫將會有很大的幫助。如：
　　because of → due to, owing to, for, on account of
　　but → however, nevertheless, nonetheless, whereas
　　so→ therefore, hence, thus, consequently

d.形容詞的逆向表達。在某些形容詞上進行修改，會達到非比尋常的效果。
　　Eg: not as easy as…→more difficult than…
　　Not uncommon→common
　　The cheapest → the least expensive

第二，使用不同的句型

a. 改變詞序。這是非常簡單的一種方法，常常將句子中的狀語（包括狀語從句）換位置。
　　Eg: For many years, people have believed ….
　　→People believed… for many years.
　　After this program has been solved, work on … can continue.

b. 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的互相替換
　　Eg: Trained scientists performed this research.
　　→This research was performed by trained scientists.

 c. 使用“there be” 句型，可以將一個簡單句，馬上變成一個加入定語從句或者分詞的復(fù)雜句。
　　Eg: Several computer programs can be used to solve this problem.
　　→There are several computer programs that can be used to solve this problem.或There are several computer programs used to solve this problem.

d.定語從句，分詞和插入語的互相替換
　　Eg: Study…, conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
　　→Study…, which was conducted by sociologists in 2004,shows that…
　　Eg: This…, which is one of the most powerful … in the world, has…
　　→This…, one of the most powerful… in the world, has…

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