妙用“引證”幫你的托福獨(dú)立寫作加分

托福寫作總共50分鐘時(shí)間，其中獨(dú)立寫作的時(shí)間是30分鐘，獨(dú)立寫作在形式上和雅思大作文基本上是一致的，即議論文一篇。托福獨(dú)立寫作鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生多使用名人名言，個(gè)人經(jīng)歷，新聞報(bào)道，諺語(yǔ)，成語(yǔ)等“引證”。托福獨(dú)立寫作字?jǐn)?shù)一般情況下350到450字之間，太長(zhǎng)或者過(guò)短都不太好。這些字?jǐn)?shù)中包括了學(xué)生“引證”時(shí)使用的事例或者諺語(yǔ)等。接下來(lái)我們將用一個(gè)具體的作文題目及范文幫助大家更好的理解“引證”。

這里有一個(gè)托福寫作題目：Which one do youprefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to askothers for advice?

托福寫作范文：

As knowledge andexperience serve as twin towers in problem-solving, one is often presented withtwo major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, either to wrack hisbrain, just like what happened to Newton, siting for many years under an appletree and eventually figuring out one of the greatest universal rules thatgovern the whole globe, or to seek for others’ wisdom through their advice,just as in the case of Benjamin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roofand then establishing a most world-renown library. Both ways work. When apractical goal is involved, however, Benjamin Franklin may best be regarded asa role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to bethe prime alternative。

Experience andknowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly toeffectiveness and efficiency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience andknowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alonedue to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A singlethought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining comparedwith group’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees furtherwhen standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why agreat leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corporationis highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideasbetween different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individualinvolved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entireglobal village。

Asking others’advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy andcommunication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rightsand chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, andtheir saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well astheir wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses morethan solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives,principles, practicalities and personalities of each other。

Admittedlyturning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute andirresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideasbroadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances moreeffective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups andcommunities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions.As is paraphrased from John F Kennedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannotdo while divided, there is little we can do。

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托福寫作范文解析：

1、開頭段中：

“…….one is oftenpresented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitherto wrack his brain, just like what happened to Newton, siting for many yearsunder an apple tree and eventually figuring out one of the greatest universalrules that govern the whole globe……”

“…… just as in thecase of Benjamin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and thenestablishing a most world-renown library。”

以上兩個(gè)點(diǎn)分別使用了牛頓和富蘭克林兩位偉人的故事來(lái)印證作者的觀點(diǎn)。作者想要表示兩種途徑均可以達(dá)到解決問(wèn)題的作用，而這兩個(gè)案例似的作者的觀點(diǎn)不那么的空洞和單薄，這是外國(guó)人喜歡的論證方式：以事實(shí)說(shuō)話。在開頭段結(jié)尾處，作者最后還是選擇了富蘭克林代表的去找別人詢問(wèn)意見。

2、中間的段落中：

“That explains thefamous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ ofpast great giants;”

“Brainstorm andexchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilitiesof each individual involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, oreven the entire global village。”

以上兩個(gè)點(diǎn)也是“引證”。這次不是名人案例，作者在這里選擇使用諺語(yǔ)及實(shí)例來(lái)進(jìn)行“引證”。第一句諺語(yǔ)實(shí)際上就是大家所熟悉的“站在巨人[微博]的肩膀上，所以看得遠(yuǎn)”，也我們的一句老話“站得高看得遠(yuǎn)”頗有異曲同工之妙。

第二個(gè)“引證”則是用“頭腦風(fēng)暴”這個(gè)實(shí)例來(lái)進(jìn)一步論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。這樣的形式變化不僅可以讓考生的選擇更加多樣，更讓考官不會(huì)覺(jué)得“引證”選擇過(guò)于單一而對(duì)學(xué)生的寫作素材量產(chǎn)生懷疑。

3、結(jié)尾段中：

“As is paraphrasedfrom John F Kennedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided,there is little we can do。”

作者再次引用肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的言論作為結(jié)尾進(jìn)行加強(qiáng)“引證”。為自己的獨(dú)立寫作劃上了一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的結(jié)尾。

通過(guò)對(duì)這篇托福寫作文章的分析，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)。引證可以有很多形式，偉人故事、名人名言、諺語(yǔ)習(xí)語(yǔ)、甚至是新聞故事。只要能夠與大家的論點(diǎn)相切合，我們都可以“引證”到獨(dú)立寫作當(dāng)中。

要想做好這一點(diǎn)。大家必須要更多的在平時(shí)的練習(xí)中積攢相應(yīng)的素材，做到考前心中有數(shù)，這樣我們才能更好的完成托福寫作對(duì)我們的要求。另外，“引證”不可以過(guò)多，但是也不能太少，它的比例很重要，另外引證的位置是很重要的，不能濫竽充數(shù)一般的隨便搬一段“引證”放在錯(cuò)誤的位置或者段落都會(huì)造成適得其反的不良效果，只要能做到以上這些，大家的托福獨(dú)立寫作“引證”之路肯定會(huì)越走越順暢的。

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