SAT作弊風(fēng)波后續(xù)：媒體詳述SAT考場(chǎng)學(xué)生作弊過程

原本該于10月底11月初發(fā)放的SAT成績(jī)?cè)庥鰯R淺，日前，美國(guó)大學(xué)委員會(huì)和美國(guó)教育考試服務(wù)中心表示，基于“明確可靠”信息，10月11日舉行的美國(guó)SAT考試亞洲考區(qū)可能存在舞弊行為，將推遲公布亞洲區(qū)成績(jī)，而重審成績(jī)可能耗時(shí)四周。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，此次涉嫌作弊事件共涉及14個(gè)地區(qū)的考點(diǎn)，包括中國(guó)澳門、中國(guó)臺(tái)灣、新加坡、泰國(guó)、韓國(guó)、日本等，波及范圍如此之廣，在SAT考試歷史上尚屬首次。

SAT作弊風(fēng)波事件，華盛頓郵報(bào)的報(bào)道：

[The Washington Post] An account of exactly how students cheated on SAT in Asia
　　October 30th,2014
　　By Valerie Strauss
　　Counselors at international schools in Asia are reporting allegations of cheating on the Oct. 11 administration of the SAT in more countries than the two that were the original focus of an investigation - and one counselor said he was struck by the “ease at which one can cheat.”

（完整的華盛頓郵報(bào)原文在文章末尾，以下為中文翻譯全文）

2014年10月30日，美國(guó)華盛頓郵報(bào)發(fā)表題為“An account of exactly how students cheated on SAT in Asia”的文章，報(bào)道中國(guó)和韓國(guó)籍考生的SAT成績(jī)推遲公布情況，對(duì)亞洲學(xué)生SAT考場(chǎng)作弊過程做了準(zhǔn)確描述。

亞洲國(guó)際學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人正在報(bào)道有關(guān)10月11日SAT考場(chǎng)作弊的指控。報(bào)道指出調(diào)查對(duì)象由起初的兩個(gè)國(guó)家擴(kuò)展到其他國(guó)家。一位負(fù)責(zé)人說對(duì)于學(xué)生作弊手段之高明感到十分震驚。

上周三，美國(guó)教育考試服務(wù)中心（ETS）說由于作弊指控已經(jīng)延遲公布韓國(guó)和中國(guó)學(xué)生的SAT分?jǐn)?shù)。ETS強(qiáng)烈譴責(zé)某些專門提前獲取試卷然后賣給學(xué)生的機(jī)構(gòu)--亞洲SAT考試多年來一直存在這一問題。就在去年發(fā)生了兩起疑似作弊事件：10月的一次涉及指控稱在韓國(guó)有補(bǔ)習(xí)學(xué)校把已考過的考題傳給馬上參加考試的學(xué)生；2013年5月，College Board 由于漏題事故取消了韓國(guó)SAT1和SAT2 的5月考試--SAT考試在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)被取消是第一次。

這是如何發(fā)生的？據(jù)國(guó)家公平公開考試中心公共考試委員會(huì)主席Bob Schaeffer說，美國(guó)以外別國(guó)SAT考試幾乎總是重復(fù)美國(guó)之前用過但沒有公布的試題。

有多少國(guó)家，多少學(xué)生卷入最新SAT安全疏漏事故不得而知--或者說10月11日亞洲SAT考試的任何分?jǐn)?shù)的有效性意味著什么。國(guó)際學(xué)校負(fù)責(zé)人近兩周來一直在就SAT作弊指控相互交流，不僅涉及韓國(guó)和中國(guó)，還有日本，泰國(guó)或許還有其它國(guó)家。海外大學(xué)招生咨詢協(xié)會(huì)(OACAC)主席Ffiona Rees在郵件中寫道：

我從Facebook交流群中得知，我們的成員發(fā)現(xiàn)（并非在中國(guó)和韓國(guó)）學(xué)生作弊證據(jù)--包括一個(gè)學(xué)生把整頁(yè)整頁(yè)的SAT試卷掃描到手機(jī)上。有個(gè)學(xué)生帶著完整的選擇題答案和作文參加了考試。每次考試中心都試圖聯(lián)系College Board但是（根據(jù)一份郵件說）考試中心在考試時(shí)間不對(duì)亞洲考區(qū)提供咨詢和傳播消息的電話支持。

我還聽說：這些考區(qū)的部分學(xué)生已經(jīng)拿到SAT成績(jī)（我猜是舉報(bào)作弊者的那些學(xué)生），而地址填寫為中國(guó)或韓國(guó)的學(xué)生的SAT成績(jī)還未公布。

當(dāng)被問及韓國(guó)和中國(guó)以外國(guó)家的作弊指控時(shí)，ETS綜合發(fā)言人Tom Ewing 在郵件中答道：作弊指控是常事，我們?yōu)榱吮ＷCSAT成績(jī)的有效性會(huì)在每次考試之后進(jìn)行常規(guī)的復(fù)查。像往常一樣，如果我們發(fā)現(xiàn)任何不良行為，我們保留采取任何行動(dòng)的權(quán)利，包括在公布SAT成績(jī)之前或之后取消分?jǐn)?shù)。

這是一則來自泰國(guó)曼谷NIST國(guó)際學(xué)校高中部負(fù)責(zé)人Joachim Ekstrom 就一起作弊事故的描述。以下是他寫給ETS和College Board 的郵件：

我一直認(rèn)為，作為一個(gè)世界IB學(xué)校為曼谷更多社區(qū)服務(wù)，為那些幾乎不能在泰國(guó)參加SAT考試的學(xué)生提供座位是我們的責(zé)任。College Board 在曼谷沒有開設(shè)足夠的考試中心，我們卻有服務(wù)考試的所有設(shè)備和人員。本周六參加考試學(xué)生有130人。我并不樂意為中國(guó)的考試準(zhǔn)備（培訓(xùn)）中心服務(wù)。這完全是有組織的犯罪。本周六在我們考試中心參加考試的10個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生都坐在同一排。他們的考號(hào)是連續(xù)的。這表明他們是由同一個(gè)人注冊(cè)的，很可能是一個(gè)中國(guó)考試準(zhǔn)備（培訓(xùn)）中心的負(fù)責(zé)人。在這一考試準(zhǔn)備（培訓(xùn)）中心的文件袋里還裝有簽證，機(jī)票，以及是否在早上考前手機(jī)接收答案的選擇。我相信這些人一定賺了好多錢。這些人也許還代理了其他考區(qū)的答案來源。

作弊當(dāng)場(chǎng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)的考生把iPhone藏在運(yùn)動(dòng)夾克里面。當(dāng)我們考前收手機(jī)時(shí)她說她早上把手機(jī)交給她媽媽了。我們并不會(huì)對(duì)考生搜身，所以也不會(huì)知道他們會(huì)不會(huì)把手機(jī)藏在衣服里。當(dāng)她考試期間查看手機(jī)上的內(nèi)容時(shí)露出破綻，被監(jiān)考官發(fā)現(xiàn)。當(dāng)我查看她的手機(jī)時(shí)我看到滿滿都是當(dāng)天考試每一部分的所謂正確答案。這些消息來自她的朋友和一個(gè)叫“BlueOcean”的人，據(jù)這個(gè)考生說是她考試培訓(xùn)中心的老師。之后她說答案來自當(dāng)天澳大利亞的SAT考試。

我嘗試撥打SAT監(jiān)考手冊(cè)上面提供的TAS（原文 此處應(yīng)該是手誤ETS）國(guó)際電話，但是得到的只是機(jī)器自動(dòng)回復(fù)。這確實(shí)需要改進(jìn)。我意識(shí)到我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一起有組織犯罪，我需要一些指示。College Board 如果能看一眼這個(gè)作弊學(xué)生的手機(jī)內(nèi)容，并且可以追蹤傳播考試答案的人的聯(lián)系方式無(wú)疑是很有價(jià)值的。我認(rèn)為我還沒有合法權(quán)利扣留這部手機(jī)，我也不想成為那個(gè)作出決定的人�？紤]到這件事的重要性，我相信有值班人員在世界其他國(guó)家考試時(shí)間專門負(fù)責(zé)接聽電話并且對(duì)突發(fā)事件給出指示也不算什么難事。

我建議ETS在其寄給考生的SAT文件當(dāng)中另附一張標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的表格，上面寫明：為防止作假，所有未經(jīng)允許的物品全部沒收；沒收物品經(jīng)核查后會(huì)通過專遞或郵件寄還給學(xué)生。在這種情況下我再去沒收學(xué)生的物品會(huì)更舒服一些。

對(duì)于那些準(zhǔn)備好誠(chéng)信參加考試的學(xué)生我感覺到很抱歉，他們值得擁有一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的安靜的輕松的考試環(huán)境。我也想說剛講的作弊行為我們還沒有在泰國(guó)考生中發(fā)現(xiàn)。他們只是有時(shí)盡力超時(shí)做題，或者根據(jù)中場(chǎng)休息時(shí)朋友建議翻回前面部分做改動(dòng)，僅此而已。

據(jù)Schaeffer說，關(guān)于亞洲10月SAT考試作弊的顧慮在考前就有人提出。2014年10月8日，國(guó)家公平公開考試中心收到一封關(guān)于作弊的匿名信，信中附寄了一套試題復(fù)本，寄信人宣稱該套試題是2013年12月美國(guó)SAT試題并將會(huì)在2014年10月11日在國(guó)際考場(chǎng)被使用。他說國(guó)家公平公開考試中心嘗試證實(shí)這封信的真實(shí)性，但結(jié)果沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。

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以下為關(guān)于SAT作弊風(fēng)波的華盛頓郵報(bào)完整原文：

[The Washington Post] An account of exactly how students cheated on SAT in Asia
　　October 30th,2014
　　By Valerie Strauss
　　Counselors at international schools in Asia are reporting allegations of cheating on the Oct. 11 administration of the SAT in more countries than the two  that were the original focus of an investigation - and one counselor said he was struck by the “ease at which one can cheat.”
　　On Wednesday, the Educational Testing Service said it had withheld the scores from the test for students in Korea and China because of allegations of cheating. In its statement, it strongly denounced organizations that work to get copies of the test in advance and then pass them on to students for a profit - a problem that has existed with the administration of the SAT in Asia for years. Just last year, there were two episodes of suspected cheating, one in October involving allegations in Korea that questions from earlier tests were obtained by “cram schools” and given to students before they took the exam. And in May 2013, the College Board canceled the May 2013 administration of the SAT and SAT Subject Tests throughout South Korea because of a leak of test questions - the first time the test had been canceled in an entire country.
　　How can this happen? According to Bob Schaeffer, public education director of the National Center for Fair & Open Testing, a nonprofit organization dedicated to ending the misuse of high-stakes standardized tests,  SAT tests given at international sites are “almost always” repeats of exams administered previously in the United States but not publicly released.
　　It is not clear how many countries and how many students are involved in the latest SAT security breaches - or what it means for the validity of any of the scores that resulted in Asia from the Oct. 11 SAT. Counselors at international schools have been communicating with each other in recent weeks about various allegations of cheating on the SAT, not only in Korea and China but also in Japan, Thailand and perhaps other countries as well. Ffiona Rees, president of the Overseas Association for College Admission Counseling (OACAC), wrote in an e-mail:
　　From what I understand from our Facebook group, there were several cases where our members (not in China or Korea) found significant instances of student fraud - including a student with entire pages of the SAT scanned on the phone. The student had the entire test with answers and essay already completed. In each case, the test center tried to contact the College Board but according to one post “test centers do not have phone support in this time zone (Asia) during testing hours to help advise or disseminate information.”
　　I've since heard that some of the students at these test centers have had their results (I assume the students who helped catch the cheaters), and that students with addresses in Chinese or Korean addresses are being held.
　　Asked about allegations in countries beyond Korea and China, ETS corporate spokesman Tom Ewing said in an e-mail: “There are always allegations and we conduct regular reviews after every administration to ensure all scores are valid.  As always, should we discover any misconduct, we reserve the right to take any actions, including cancelling scores before or after they are released.”
　　Here's an account about a cheating incident from Joachim Ekstrom, high school counselor at NIST International School in Bangkok, Thailand. He wrote in an e-mail that he sent this to the ETS and College Board. He wrote:
　　I have always felt that it is our responsibility as a World IB School to serve the wider community in Bangkok and offer seats to students that wouldn't be able to take the SAT tests in Thailand otherwise. The College Board simply doesn't have enough centers here. We have the facility and staff needed to do this. On Saturday we tested 130 students. I am not happy to serve test preparation centers in China though. This is certainly organized crime. The 10 Chinese students that tested at our center this Saturday all sat in the same row. They had consecutive registration numbers. This indicates that they were registered by one person, probably an officer at a Chinese  test preparation center. Included in the test preparation center's package is probably also visa application, plane ticket, and the option of getting the test answers sent to your mobile phone in the morning before the test. I am sure these guys make a lot of money. They are probably also represented in several countries across the time zones.
　　The test-taker that was caught had her iPhone hidden under her sport jacket. When we collected students' phones before the testing began, she said that she had given her phone to her mother in the morning. We don't strip-search test-takers, so it is impossible to know if they have a phone hidden in their clothes. Her mistake was that she checked the notes on her phone during testing, and one of the proctors noticed it. As I searched her phone I saw that it was full of messages including the day's “correct” test answers for each section. These messages were sent from her friends and a person called BlueOcean, who according to the test-taker, is her teacher at the test preparation center in China. She further said that the answers were taken from a test given earlier that day in Australia.
　　I tried to call the TAS International phone number given in the SAT Supervisor Manual, but got to talk to an answering machine only. This is certainly a flaw that needs to be corrected. There is nobody who can answer your call outside office hours. I realized that I uncovered an organized crime, and I needed some guidance. Having a look the content of the test-taker's phone, and following up on the contact information of the people who distribute the test answers would obviously be extremely valuable for the College Board. I didn't feel that I have legal rights to keep her phone, and I certainly don't want to be the person that makes the decision. Considering the scope of this, I am sure it wouldn't be too much of a hassle to have someone on stand-by who can answer the phone and give guidance in case of an emergency when the tests are administered around the world.
　　I also recommend that the ETS includes a standardized form in the SAT package sent to test-centers where it is stated that the test-taker's unauthorized device is confiscated due to a fraudulent situation and that it will be returned by courier or post after the content has been investigated. The form can then be signed by the supervisor and the test-taker. I would feel more comfortable confiscating a test-takers device this way.
　　I feel sorry for the test-takers that come prepared to take the tests in an honest way, and who deserve a standardized, quiet and relaxed setting. I also want to say that we haven't seen this kind of cheating among test-takers in Thailand. They try to work over time sometimes, and go back to previous sections to make changes based on recommendations from their friends during the break, but that's about it.
　　Concern about cheating on the Oct. 11 administration of the SAT in Asia was raised days before the test was given, according to Schaeffer.  On Oct. 8, 2014, FairTest got an anonymous tip about cheating that included what the sender claimed to be a copy of the December 2013 SAT that was supposedly going to be administered at international sites Oct. 11. He said FairTest tried to confirm the claims but could not.

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