托福閱讀修辭目的題信號詞：in addition

In addition，表示的中文意思是并且，在邏輯上我們可以稱之為遞進的的關(guān)系。意即前后文所講述的有意義上的進一層的關(guān)系。來看一到TPO 3的考題，Ogallala蓄水層這一篇中的第五題.

The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala.

Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.

然后問句為why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains? 入手首先審題，題目中提到40 percent是比較好定位的詞，迅速回到原文定位到最后一句話，看到這句在說明的是在這一區(qū)域發(fā)展了畜牧業(yè)。確定了句子之后，還需要確定作者講這句話的目的。

可以看到這句話前有in addition，說明畜牧業(yè)這句是對其前一句話的遞進。因此把前一句話進行精讀發(fā)現(xiàn)大意為蓄水層使這一區(qū)域可以發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)。聯(lián)系上下句的內(nèi)容即可得知這兩句話先說明在蓄水層這一區(qū)域可以發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，還可以發(fā)展畜牧業(yè)。

由此可以得知答案在C選項To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains，即蓄水層帶來的經(jīng)濟變化。

無獨有偶，掌握了in addition的要點，我們可以再看到TPO31的Early Children Education，其中第六題，針對第四段：

In addition, results from other types of preschool readiness programs indicate that those who participate and graduate are less like to repeat grades, and they are more like to complete school than readiness program, for every dollar spent on the program, taxpayers saved seven dollars by the time the graduates reached the age of 27. 問題為，the author mentions the “results from other types of readinessprograms”to

這題可以清楚定位到題干中所說的句子即段落的首句，在句首有一個詞為in addition, 這意味著提到results from other types of readiness programs肯定是為了遞進說明前面的內(nèi)容。因此我們需要馬上看到上一段，并迅速掌握其中的大意。

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上一段為Whether Head Start is seen as successful or not depends on the lens through which one is looking. If, for instance, the program is expected to provide long-term increases in IQ (intelligence quotient) scores, it is a disappointment. Although graduates of Head Start programs tend to show immediate IQ gains, these increases do lot last.

On the other hand, it is clear that Head Start is meeting its goal of getting preschoolers ready for school. Preschoolers who participate in Head Start are better prepared for future schooling than those who do not. Furthermore, graduates of Head Start programs have better future school grade.

Finally, some research suggests that ultimately Head Start graduates show higher academic performance at the end of high school, although the gains are modest.

在瀏覽段落大意后發(fā)現(xiàn)本段主要說明了Head Start這個計劃的成功，因此這道題目的選項為A，provide support for the idea that preschool readiness programs have been somewhat successful。

因此在完成修辭目的題的時候，考生們更主要的是要注意所考察句子和所定位句子的之間的邏輯關(guān)系。熟記in addition這類的詞的出題特征可以幫助考生減少思考的時間，并且提高做題效率。

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