雙語閱讀：萬圣節(jié)的習(xí)俗和來源（二）

萬圣節(jié)馬上就要到了，各種南瓜燈、稻草人等萬圣節(jié)的裝飾和符號(hào)代表的意思你都知道嗎？萬圣節(jié)又是在什么時(shí)候起源的？為什么在這個(gè)節(jié)日里，我們必讀得買糖果和盛裝打扮呢？下面的雅思雙語閱讀材料將為大家詳細(xì)解答這些問題，一起來看看吧！更多英語短文及雙語閱讀材料，關(guān)注新通外語網(wǎng)(www.igo99)，或撥打免費(fèi)電話400-618-0272咨詢。

Bats 蝙蝠

Bats are nocturnal?creatures, so it’s natural that a celebration about the end of the light seasons and the beginning of the dark ones would incorporate them.? Additionally, in the old days Halloween meant big bonfires, which draw mosquitoes and moths, which would in turn draw bats,。Also, once vampire legends made their way into Halloween folklore, the position of the bat was set – since it was thought that vampires could transform into bats.?

蝙蝠是晝伏夜出的動(dòng)物。慶祝豐收原本就是在白色季節(jié)（秋季）的結(jié)束和黑色季節(jié)（冬季）的開始期間。于是蝙蝠自然而然成為“步入夜色”的代表動(dòng)物。除此之外，萬圣節(jié)曾經(jīng)流行的慶祝方式是在篝火旁進(jìn)行。這樣無疑吸引了許多蚊子和蛾子，因此也間接吸引來了蝙蝠。同時(shí)，吸血鬼傳說一度曾是民間最流行的熱點(diǎn)話題。自從古人認(rèn)定吸血鬼能夠變成蝙蝠在天空中飛舞的時(shí)候，蝙蝠在人們心中的地位便再也無法動(dòng)搖了。 

Black Cats 黑貓

OK, so while Halloween started out to be about the end of harvest, etc., there are some ancient cultures who also believed that, on Halloween night, the veil between the living world and the spirit world was, if not lifted entirely, at least a little thinner.? Ancient Celtic religions taught that cats were reincarnated souls of humans, and that they were able to see the future.? Also, it was thought (as mentioned earlier) that witches could turn into cats.? Truth be told, most single ladies were thought to be witches, and, just like today, many of the single ladies had?cats.? So, in the 1600’s or so, the local cat lady would have probably been tried for witchcraft.

大眾普遍接受的是萬圣節(jié)是由莊家豐收之后舉辦的慶�；顒�(dòng)演變而來，但依然還有一些遠(yuǎn)古的文化被人們所接受：在萬圣節(jié)的晚上，人間和冥界的關(guān)系會(huì)發(fā)生微妙的變化，即使兩者沒有實(shí)際上聯(lián)通，但還是有可能通過某種方式來接觸的。古代凱爾特宗教認(rèn)為，貓是能夠被人類的靈魂所附體。通過貓的眼睛，我們可以看到未來。而且在此之前，人們還認(rèn)為巫師能夠附體在貓的身上。實(shí)話說，當(dāng)時(shí)許多單身的女士被看作是女巫。就算時(shí)至今日，許多單身的女士還是會(huì)養(yǎng)貓相伴，所以在十五世紀(jì)，養(yǎng)著貓的單身女士都被認(rèn)定其具有某種可怕的巫術(shù)。

Skeletons 骷髏

The Druids and the Celts believed that the skull was the “psychic seat” of the human soul.? All in all, skulls and skeletons are associated with Halloween because they represent the end of the physical part of life, something that is connected to Halloween both because of the death of the “light” seasons and because of the perceived connection to the spirit realm.

以前的祭司和凱爾特人相信頭骨是人類靈魂的寄居地。總的來說頭骨和骷髏之所以與萬圣節(jié)有關(guān)是因?yàn)樗麄兇�表著生命在肉體層面的消亡。這與萬圣節(jié)是在慶祝白色季節(jié)（秋季）的終結(jié)之意在精神層面而言，又是不謀而合。 

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Ghosts 鬼怪

The idea of ghost plays into this idea that Halloween night is the one night that the spirits of the ancestors are able to walk among the living.?

人們認(rèn)為在萬圣節(jié)之夜，那些死去的人的鬼魂能夠在人間游走。目的不用多說，肯定是在找還魂的機(jī)會(huì)！ 

Masks and Costumes 面具和服飾

Speaking of ghosts, what is Halloween without costumes Back in Celtic times, it was thought that if you could trick the spirit, the spirit would refrain from bothering you about pesky things like tributes and respect.? On a night that the “veil” between the spirit world and the natural world was so thin, it’s best to pretend to be someone else.? In the 1950’s, trick-or treating became all the rage in the United States (can you believe it was that late?)

一說起鬼怪，萬圣節(jié)不能缺少的當(dāng)然是鬼怪的服飾啦！追溯到凱爾特時(shí)期，凱爾特人認(rèn)為如果你能夠捉弄鬼魂，那么它將不再有膽量去騷擾你，反而會(huì)更加敬重你。在萬圣節(jié)當(dāng)晚，人間和冥界的隔膜會(huì)變得非常單薄，防止鬼上身的最好的辦法就是戴上面具假裝成另一只鬼。1950年后，“不招待就使壞”的習(xí)俗才開始在美國流行起來。（你能想象到這種習(xí)俗竟然是近代的產(chǎn)物？） 

Pumpkin lanterns 南瓜燈

Originally, the beggars put candles inside them to light their way from house to house to beg and pray.? Eventually, the tradition changed to carving pumpkins, and Jack-o-Lanterns as we know them were born.? One legend sticks out above all others in regards to the Jack-o-lantern tradition.? An Irishman named “Stingy Jack” was a?drunk?and a prankster, and he managed to make both God and the Devil angry.? He died, and neither heaven nor hell wanted him, so he was stuck wandering around on earth.? He carried a turnip, hollowed out, with a candle inside, to light his way, and to keep him from knocking on their door, the Irish would carve scary jack-o-lanterns to put around their houses to keep him away. Or, so they believed, and a tradition was born.

最初，乞討者們把南瓜扣個(gè)洞，然后放進(jìn)蠟燭用來照明，以此能夠在晚上向人家行乞或者是替他們禱告。最后，該傳統(tǒng)逐漸演變成了雕刻南瓜，杰克·奧的南瓜燈由此誕生。這里有個(gè)傳說，曾經(jīng)有個(gè)叫做“有次的杰克”的愛爾蘭人是個(gè)地道的酒鬼，也是個(gè)愛搞惡作劇的人。最終他的行徑惹怒了上帝和魔鬼。他死了之后，天堂和地獄都不愿意收留他，他只能游走于塵世之間，夜幕低垂時(shí)分，他就把大南瓜摳?jìng)�(gè)大洞，并將點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭放置其中以此照明，去敲每家每戶的大門。愛爾蘭人為了能夠驅(qū)趕走杰克，都在自家門口做同樣的南瓜。做南瓜燈的傳統(tǒng)因此誕生。

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