更好地保護(hù)動(dòng)植物多樣性(雙語)

Better Protection for the Diversity

更好地保護(hù)動(dòng)植物多樣性

Better protection for the diversity of the planet's creatures and plants could help shield humans from diseases like AIDS, Ebola or bird flu and save bi"ions of dollars in health care costs, researchers said.

研究人員表示，更好地保護(hù)地球上動(dòng)植物的多樣性有助于幫助人類遠(yuǎn)離艾滋病、埃博拉病毒以及禽流感等疾病，不僅如此，還可幫助人們節(jié)省每年數(shù)十億美元的衛(wèi)生保健費(fèi)用。

They said human disruptions to biodiversity -from roads through the Amazon jungle to deforestation in remote parts of Africa -had made people more exposed to new diseases that originate in wildlife.

研究人員聲稱，人類的行為已經(jīng)對(duì)生物的多樣性造成了極大的破壞——從亞馬遜叢林中修建的道路，到對(duì)非洲邊遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)進(jìn)行濫采濫伐——致使人類不得不面對(duì)更多種由野生動(dòng)植物引起的疾病。

"Biodiversity not only stores the promise of new medical treatments and cures, it buffers humans from organisms and agents that cause disease," scientists from the Diversitas international group said in a statement. "Preventing emerging diseases through biodiversity conservation is far more cost effective than developing vaccines to combat them later".

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國(guó)際生物多樣性計(jì)劃中心的科學(xué)家表示"生物的多樣性不僅能夠?yàn)槿祟愖钚碌尼t(yī)學(xué)研究對(duì)策和治愈方案提供新線索，還能夠使人類遠(yuǎn)離那些可導(dǎo)致疾病的生物體和其他物質(zhì)。通過保護(hù)生物多樣性來防止突發(fā)疾病要比疾病產(chǎn)生后研制疫苗更劃算。"

Peter Daszak, a scientist who helped find links between Asian bats and the SARS virus, said the 2003 outbreak of the flu-like disease cost about $50 bi"ion, largely because it cut travel and trade from Asia, about 800 people died.

曾經(jīng)對(duì)非典型性肺炎研究做出杰出貢獻(xiàn)的美國(guó)科學(xué)家彼得·達(dá)斯扎克表示: 2003年爆發(fā)的這種類似流感的病毒疾病使人類遭受了大約500億美元的損失，而且還奪去了約800人的生命。

And AIDS, widely believed to have originated in chimpanzees, killed an estimated 3.1 million people in 2004 and the United Nations estimates that $15 billion will be needed for prevention, treatment and care in 2006 alone.

對(duì)于艾滋病，人們廣泛認(rèn)為這是一種源于黑猩猩的疾病。僅2004年，就有近310萬人因感染艾滋病而不幸死亡。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2006年一年，對(duì)艾滋病的預(yù)防、救治，及護(hù)理費(fèi)用就耗資約150億美元。

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"Emerging diseases are causing a crisis of public health," Daszak, executive director of the consortium for conservation medicine at the Wildlife Trust, New York, told Reuters.

紐約醫(yī)藥保存兼野生動(dòng)物信托委員會(huì)的達(dá)斯扎克表示"這種突發(fā)疾病對(duì)大眾的健康造成了極大的威脅。"

Diversitas experts urged governments to work out policies to protect biodiversity, including tougher regulations on trade, agriculture and travel to reduce chances that diseases like avian flu can jump from wildlife to people.

相關(guān)專家敦促政府能夠盡快制定方針政策來對(duì)生物多樣性進(jìn)行保護(hù)。其中包括:強(qiáng)化貿(mào)易、農(nóng)業(yè)及旅游的相關(guān)規(guī)定，從而減少野生動(dòng)物將疾病(如禽流感)傳染給人類的可能。

"We' re not saying that we should lock up nature and throw away the key, " said Charles Perrings , a biodiversity expert at Arizona State University. But he said humans should be more careful about disrupting areas of rich biodiversity. He said diseases had spread from wildlife to humans throughout history but the risks were rising because of the impact of growing human populations on habitats.

美國(guó)亞利桑那州立大學(xué)的生物多樣性專家查爾斯·佩里斯表示我們這樣說并不是想把自然界完全‘封鎖然后再把‘鑰匙'扔掉。"他認(rèn)為:人類在存在生物多樣性的區(qū)域活動(dòng)時(shí)，應(yīng)該倍加謹(jǐn)慎。許多從野生動(dòng)物身上傳染給人類的疾病在歷史上可謂是層出不窮，而近年來這種危險(xiǎn)卻進(jìn)一步加劇——這是由于人口不斷增長(zhǎng)、動(dòng)物的棲息地受到威脅造成的。

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The experts said the preservation of a wider range of species could also ease the impact of disease. A factor helping the spread of Lyme disease in the eastern United States, for instance, was the absence of former predators like wolves or wild cats that once kept down number of white-footed mice -a reservoir of the infection.

專家表示，保護(hù)更為廣泛的物種同樣也能減輕疾病對(duì)人類的影響。據(jù)悉，在美國(guó)東部地區(qū)萊姆病之所以廣泛傳播，就是因?yàn)樵摰貐^(qū)的狼、野貓等食肉動(dòng)物越來越少——這些動(dòng)物可以控制自足鼠的數(shù)量，而白足鼠則是萊姆病原菌的攜帶者。

Lyme disease was also less of a problem for humans in U.S. states where the ticks that transmit the disease had more potential targets, like lizards or small mammals.

而在美國(guó)其他一些地區(qū)，萊姆病根本構(gòu)不成威脅。因?yàn)樵谀切┑貐^(qū)，傳播這種疾病的動(dòng)物除了以人為攻擊目標(biāo)之外，還有更多的可攻擊目標(biāo)，如蹦蹦或其他小型哺乳動(dòng)物。

"The value of services provided by nature and its diversity is under-appreciated until they stop," said Anne Larigauderie, executive director of Paris-based Diversitas. a non-government organization.

巴黎一家非政府組織的生物多樣性研究所的執(zhí)行理事安妮表示"對(duì)于大自然的無私奉獻(xiàn)和大自然的豐富多彩，我們并沒有給予足夠的重視，恐怕只有當(dāng)大自然將這些恩惠統(tǒng)統(tǒng)收回，人們才能夠醒悟。"

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