托福寫作：中間段落處理的處理方式

都說好的開始等于成功的一半，托福寫作中一個漂亮的開頭結尾能為整體加分很多，但邏輯清晰、論證有力的中間段則能錦上添花。那么托福寫作中間段怎么寫呢?下面我們就一起看一下。

1.Q：一定需要三大段論點理由展開來證明開頭觀點嗎?

A：No. 中間段可以有一個論點展開,也可以拿到滿分. 同學們可以參看ETS的第三版 p202頁的官方范文5分和4分范文賞析. 但是, 如果有兩個至三個理由來證明開頭觀點更好, 所以平時同學們要多練習Brainstorming快速找理由寫提綱.

2.Q: 獨立寫作中間段的結構是什么?

A: 論點Main pointSentence+論據(jù)Details. 盡量不要突兀地寫for example, 需要指明例子之前的論點句. 其中論點句指的是證明開頭段中觀點的理由, 論據(jù)則是該理由的細節(jié)展示.

比如:

論點Main point Sentence: Anotheradvantage of living with an American family is that the students are in anideal environment to improve his English.

論據(jù)Details: For example,each time he has a conversation with someone in the family, thisnative speaker can help him with the pronunciation and grammar. Maybe theyounger children in the family can help him with his homework, too. But themost important thing is that he will be surrounded by English most of timeduring his stay in the United States.

3.Q: 怎么展開一個中間段落才能做到評分標準5分要求呢?

A: 其實有很多方法將論點展開Details, 比如: Specific personal example 少而精的個人經(jīng)歷; General example 多而簡的寬泛例子羅列; compare& contrast對比反差; Study &Survey 調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù); Famous people權威名人; Quotation名言諺語等.

4.Q: 獨立寫作中間段的論據(jù)如果想寫個人經(jīng)歷, 應該怎樣寫才算高分?

A: 注意個人經(jīng)歷內(nèi)容寫到精確具體, 語言做到準確地道形象. 比如:

論點: English does not seem to be spoken by Americansin the same way that it was presented in my textbooks.

個人經(jīng)歷: Take myself for example, the first time I asked anAmerican a question, I got a strange response. The man who answered my questionsaid something sounded like “dunno”. I was sure that I had never studiedthis expression in my textbooks, and I could not find anything like this indictionary. Eventually, I was surprised to learn later from a friend that this wasnothing more than a shorten version of “I do not know”.

5.Q:以上是不是每種方法都要在獨立寫作中間段用上?

A: 這幾種方法都是平行關系, 可以挑選一種方法即可展開一個論點句. 當然, 也可以挑選其中兩三種方法使得一個段落展開地非常細致.

6.Q: 獨立寫作是不是中間段字數(shù)越多越好?

A: 展開的Details的語言部分非常重要, 比如由電腦自動評分E-rater主要評判Grammar, Usage, Style, Mechanics, Lexical complexity等方面.

7.Q: 獨立寫作的中間段是不是一定需要 ”辨證式/反證式/讓步式” 寫法?

A: 有這種辯證式思路文章會寫得更全面, 但是這不是必要的. 因為ETS的官方指南和評分標準告訴大家: 托福寫作考的并不是該同學對一個觀點分析有多么深刻, 主要是語言的表達和內(nèi)容的清晰. 但是學會讓步式寫法在托福獨立寫作中也很有好處, 特別是當展開論點理由不夠時.

8.Q: 獨立寫作中間段如果寫了三段, 句首有什么連接詞可以使段落之間過渡地更流暢?

A: 比如: Firstly/ To begin with/ Firstof all; Secondly/ Besides/ furthermore/ what’s more/ More importantly, Aboveall /; Thirdly/ Lastly/ Last but not least 等.

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