托福綜合寫作連接詞使用錯誤分析

筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中發(fā)現(xiàn)，由于邏輯教育的缺失和英語語言輸入的不足，中國考生在寫作中常出現(xiàn)各種連接詞使用錯誤，導(dǎo)致失分�，F(xiàn)將兩種常見情形小結(jié)如下。

1. 連接詞與主從復(fù)合句

在復(fù)合句中，引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞表明了主句和從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。由于句子結(jié)構(gòu)長而復(fù)雜，寫作時容易出現(xiàn)錯誤。如下例：

First, though the passage suggests that the polluted sources would weaken the otters' ability to survive and therefore lead to their death. The professor argues in the lecture that since there is no dead body found by the shore, the predator hypothesis could explain why the body would disappear immediately.

此例中，though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句和其后的主句應(yīng)屬于同一個復(fù)合句，但作者錯誤地使用了句號斷句。第二個例子的錯誤情況與之類似：

Finally, the author of the reading passage claims that the uncommon pattern of otter decline is caused by the pollution, whereas the lecture asserts that predator theory provides a better explanation. Because in some shallow and rocky place which is inaccessible to ocars, the number of sea otter is stable.

此例中，because本應(yīng)用于引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，但其后的in...結(jié)構(gòu)只是一個短語（地點(diǎn)狀語）。結(jié)合前句，because帶起的句子顯然是對之前predator theory provides a better explanation的原因的解釋，即前句是because從句的主句，所以不應(yīng)該以句號斷句。

筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)員在學(xué)習(xí)使用綜合寫作模板時極易出現(xiàn)此類錯誤：由于句子較長，寫到后半句時對整句結(jié)構(gòu)的語感已經(jīng)喪失，故而沒有注意主句和從句之間的關(guān)系，對模板句型不假思索直接套用。

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2. 句間連接詞類型

連接詞是體現(xiàn)句子與句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系的重要標(biāo)志，每種邏輯關(guān)系的表達(dá)都有許多相應(yīng)類型的連接詞可供使用。但筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)，不少學(xué)員對句間邏輯不夠敏感，時常出現(xiàn)連接詞選擇錯誤，導(dǎo)致語段邏輯關(guān)系混亂。如下例：

First, though the reading passage suggests that salvage logging would make room for new trees to grow, which helps the area in ruin to recover, the professor argues in the lecture that the removing of trees would lead to a lack of soil nutrition which plays an important role in further growth of new trees. What’s more, the dead trees would become a useful nutrition in the soil.

 此例中的what is more是一種典型的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系連接詞，常用于不同分論點(diǎn)之間的銜接。結(jié)合上下文，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)the dead trees would become a useful nutrition in the soil應(yīng)該是a lack of soil nutrition的原因，也就是說此處根本不應(yīng)存在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，而應(yīng)該是因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)選用because或since等詞。

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