托福TPO14獨(dú)立寫作真題及范文賞析

托福TPO14綜合寫作題目 Reading Part：

Every year, forest fires and severe storms cause a great deal of damage to forests in the northwestern United States. One way of dealing with the aftermath of these disasters is called salvage logging, which is the practice of removing dead trees from affected areas and using the wood for lumber, plywood, and other wood products. There are several reasons why salvage logging is beneficial both to a damaged forest and to the economy.

First, after a devastating fire, forests are choked with dead trees. If the trees are not removed, they will take years to decompose; in the meantime, no new trees can grow in the cramped spaces. Salvage logging, however, removes the remains of dead trees and makes room for fresh growth immediately, which is likely to help forest areas recover from the disaster.

Also, dead trees do more than just take up space. Decaying wood is a highly suitable habitat for insects such as the spruce bark beetle, which in large numbers can damage live, healthy spruce trees.

So by removing rotting wood, salvage logging helps minimize the dangers of insect infestation, thus contributing to the health of the forest.

Third and last, salvage logging has economic benefits. Many industries depend upon the forests for their production, and because of this a fire can have a very harmful effect on the economy. Often, however, the trees that have been damaged by natural disasters still can provide much wood that is usable by industries. Furthermore, salvage logging requires more workers than traditional logging operations do, and so it helps create additional jobs for local residents.

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托福TPO14綜合寫作題目 Listening Part：

Professor：

Salvage logging may appear to be an effective way of helping forests recover after a destructive fire or storm, but it can actually result in serious longer-term environmental damage Its economic benefits are also questionable.

First, cleaning up a forest after a fire or storm does not necessarily create the right conditions for tree growth. In fact, the natural process of wood decomposition enriches the soil and makes it more suitable for future generations of tree. The rapid removal of dead trees can result in soil that lacks the nutrients necessary for growth.

Second, it's true that rotting wood can increase insect populations, but is this really bad for the forest? In fact, spruce bark beetles have lived in Alaskan forest for nearly a hundred years without causing major damage. And of course dead trees do not provide habitats only for harmful insects. They are also used by birds and other insects that are important contributors to the long-term health of forests. In the long run, therefore, salvage logging may end up-doing more harm to forests than harmful insects do. And third, the economic benefits of salvage logging are small and do not last very long, in severely damaged forests, much of the lumber can be recovered only by using helicopters and other vehicles that are expensive to use and maintain. Furthermore, jobs created by salvage logging are only temporary and are often filled by outsiders with more experience or training than local residents have.

托福TPO14綜合寫作題目 Question：

Summarize the point made in the lecture ， being sure to explain how the cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.

托福TPO14綜合寫作答案解析：

閱讀部分需要提取的觀點(diǎn)是：

(1.1) Main point: 回收性砍伐對于森林和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展都好處

(1.2) Sub point 1: 可以為新生樹木提供生長空間

(1.3) Sub point 2: 可以避免蟲害傷害森林

(1.4) Sub point 3: 有助于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

聽力部分需要提取的觀點(diǎn)是：

(2.1) Main point: 回收性砍伐弊大于利

(2.2) Sub point 1: 回收性砍伐會使森林土壤失去營養(yǎng)

(2.3) Sub point 2: 回收性砍伐會使鳥類和有益的昆蟲失去棲息地，長久看來對森林無益

(2.4) Sub point 3: 回收性砍伐經(jīng)濟(jì)利益很小。 

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