托福閱讀技巧：實(shí)例解析抓準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞的秘訣

很多托友反映，托福閱讀的一大難點(diǎn)就是時(shí)間緊張。想要快速讀懂托福閱讀文章，必須學(xué)會(huì)掌握一定的托福閱讀技巧。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，只要掌握60%的文章內(nèi)容，就可以答對(duì)文章的題目。托福閱讀的文章一般較長(zhǎng)，所以一般是以段落為單位的。要讀懂一個(gè)段落，我們只需要抓住幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞而已。那么，如何巧抓關(guān)鍵詞，合理地運(yùn)用托福閱讀技巧，在快速閱讀中提高托福閱讀的準(zhǔn)確率呢？

其實(shí)，抓準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞的托福閱讀技巧，歸納起來也就兩個(gè)要點(diǎn)：一是看邏輯信號(hào)詞；二是讀句子時(shí)一定牢記只看主干！下面我們就以托福tpo25中的文章The Decline of Venetian Shipping為例，分托福閱讀文章和托福閱讀題目選項(xiàng)兩個(gè)方面，具體來說說如何運(yùn)用托福閱讀技巧快速抓準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞。

托福閱讀技巧一、如何抓準(zhǔn)托福閱讀文章里的關(guān)鍵詞

托福tpo25-2 真題：The Decline of Venetian Shipping
　　Paragraph 2 This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. First， Venic’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. In the fifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem， despite continuous appeal to Venic’s tradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among the northern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590， this did not elicit an increased supply.

托福閱讀技巧解析1：以上算得上是托福閱讀中較長(zhǎng)的段落了，在快速閱讀這個(gè)段落的時(shí)候我們要找的關(guān)鍵詞是：邏輯信號(hào)詞—如段落中所標(biāo)示的first， but， this… 我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信號(hào)詞所在的句子基本都是解題的信息點(diǎn)。接下來我們就來看看理解這些句子時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞。每段話的首句是必定要讀的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade。這是包含了一個(gè)定語從句的復(fù)雜句。先看到核心詞changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。這篇文章接下來具體要寫的內(nèi)容就展露無遺，也就是威尼斯船業(yè)和貿(mào)易的變遷。

托福閱讀技巧解析2：First，這當(dāng)然是開始寫shipping的標(biāo)志了。Venice’s intermediary functions in the Adriatic Sea， where it had dominated the business of shipping for other parties， were lost to direct trading. 我們一直強(qiáng)調(diào)句子要讀主干，那么簡(jiǎn)單地看這個(gè)句子就是Venice’s functions were lost， 核心詞很顯然是lost，也對(duì)應(yīng)了整篇文章的主題decline. 接下來兩句寫到了15和16世紀(jì)遇到的船員難招的問題。…there was little problem recruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)： guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers， and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when called for. 這句話中有冒號(hào)的出現(xiàn)，閱讀冒號(hào)之前的內(nèi)容there was little problem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not serious because the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships (round-hulled ships with more cargo space)， with required fewer rowers. 這句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem. 到這里意思應(yīng)該已經(jīng)一目了然了，就是講威尼斯船業(yè)在招聘船員方面所遭遇的變遷：little problem—not serious —greater problem.

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托福閱讀技巧二、如何抓準(zhǔn)托福閱讀題目和選項(xiàng)里的關(guān)鍵詞

剛才我們講了托福閱讀文章部分如何運(yùn)用托福閱讀技巧抓住關(guān)鍵詞，其實(shí)我們?cè)陂喿x題目和選項(xiàng)時(shí)也是需要尋找關(guān)鍵詞的。有些托福閱讀題目的選項(xiàng)是比較長(zhǎng)的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去也差不多一段話了，所以一定要運(yùn)用托福閱讀技巧，抓住關(guān)鍵詞判斷才行，如否定詞、比較詞和并列詞。這些是托福閱讀技巧快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)的第一步。再次也要看到題干和每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能讓我們快速定位到原文的關(guān)鍵詞。我們還是以托福tpo25為例：
　　托福tpo25-1 The Surface of Mars
　　Paragraph 5 As on the Moon， the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to have been filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicator for the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。
　　According to paragraph 5， what have scientists been able to determine from studies of large impact cratering on Mars?
　　A. Some Martian volcanoes are much older than was once thought。
　　B. The age of Mars’s surface can vary from area to area。
　　C. Large impact craters are not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。
　　D. Some areas of the Martian surface appear to be older than they actually are。

托福閱讀技巧解析：劃出選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞后，定位到原文迅速瀏覽發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中并無如A和D選項(xiàng)中的比較，C中的否定詞not和原文是明顯相矛盾的，故而選擇B，而B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging from four billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

托福閱讀技巧總結(jié)：以上就是如何抓準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞的托福閱讀技巧。托福閱讀里的關(guān)鍵詞，簡(jiǎn)單地講分為定位關(guān)鍵詞和判斷關(guān)鍵詞。定位關(guān)鍵詞包括題干及選項(xiàng)中的名詞，還有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的邏輯信號(hào)詞了，不要忘記用它們找到你解題需要的信息。判斷關(guān)鍵詞是選項(xiàng)中那些有特色的詞匯，包括否定詞，比較詞或者是句子主干中的動(dòng)詞等，根據(jù)這些詞和原文進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)，至少有一半的選項(xiàng)可以迅速被排除。托福閱讀考試中，不管是文章還是題目都可以活用這種托福閱讀技巧，巧抓關(guān)鍵詞。經(jīng)過上面的介紹，同學(xué)們應(yīng)該都了解這種方法了吧！了解只是第一步，關(guān)鍵還是要會(huì)運(yùn)用，同學(xué)們?cè)谶M(jìn)行托福備考時(shí)要做大量的關(guān)鍵詞練習(xí)。熟能生巧，在考試時(shí)就可以快速找到句子的主干，理解文章選對(duì)題目。

關(guān)鍵詞：托福閱讀技巧 托福閱讀 關(guān)鍵詞 托福tpo

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