實(shí)例解析雅思作文高分經(jīng)驗(yàn) 中間段很重要

雅思作文建議考生在40分鐘內(nèi)完成250字大作文，內(nèi)容涉及教育、文化旅游全球化、政府與城市化、科技、社會(huì)與家庭、工作與生活、環(huán)境與生態(tài)保護(hù)、犯罪與法律、媒體與廣告以及抽象類十大話題。其中開頭段與結(jié)尾段大多可復(fù)制與模仿性較強(qiáng)，但對(duì)于大部分考生來(lái)講，主體段的論證往往是最頭疼的部分，考生往往在寫作過程中遇到各種“卡殼”，其中常見問題大多為：觀點(diǎn)句堆砌、論證邏輯混亂、文章易跑題等。近年來(lái)的雅思官方信息發(fā)布會(huì)中，考官們明確提出評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中關(guān)于文章內(nèi)容更加關(guān)注考生是否在文章中完全回答了原題提到的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，并直指中國(guó)考生論證邏輯混亂的普遍問題。這篇文章將從觀點(diǎn)句的羅列與拓展句的論證兩方面進(jìn)步探討。

一、觀點(diǎn)句----誰(shuí)受益，誰(shuí)受損?

Good beginning, half done.好的觀點(diǎn)句奠定了清晰論證的第一步，7分作文中考官對(duì)于task response明確提出了：presents a clear position throughout the response，雅思大作文中，80%以上為議論文，重點(diǎn)討論一種現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)劣，或一種觀點(diǎn)正確與否，或者是明確提出對(duì)兩個(gè)相悖的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行雙邊討論。因此，在議論文中所謂的清晰的觀點(diǎn)往往具備幾個(gè)特征：受益方明確，受益內(nèi)容明確。按照這條主線，我們可以將受益方分為個(gè)體或集體，個(gè)人的受益面往往包括道德、智力、身體、美育、勞動(dòng)就業(yè)五大方面;集體可以小集體或者大集體理解，如學(xué)生的集體是學(xué)校，員工的集體是企業(yè)，因而從集體從小到大的排列依次為家庭、社會(huì)、國(guó)家及世界，集體的受益或受損方面可以從經(jīng)濟(jì)(勞動(dòng)就業(yè)、國(guó)家發(fā)展)、政治(家庭和諧、世界和平)、文化(家庭氛圍)、科技四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行理解。

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如題:Improvements in health, education and trade are essential for the development of poorer nations. However, the governments of richer nations should take more responsibilities for helping the poorer nations in such areas. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要不要援助不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，我們可以分別從正方和反對(duì)方來(lái)解釋，其中正方觀點(diǎn)的支持句可從不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家(受益方)個(gè)體方面論證：

① The aid from developed countries is of great benefit to common people in needy countries. International aid optimizes people’s living standard and eradicates poverty in the poor countries.

其次，再次從不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)利益論證：

② The aid from rich countries provides good medical care and helps promote the development of education, agriculture and economy.

之后，從國(guó)家間的政治交流論證：

③ Mutual assistance enhances friendship between countries, which helps get rid of the possibility of wars due to misunderstanding.

同時(shí)，從反方仍然可從政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)方面說(shuō)明國(guó)際援助的壞處：

①Financial aid from rich countries is often given out of political reasons. If you want to receive the aid, you have to accept political conditions combined with it.(國(guó)家政治)

② Aid from rich countries is just a disguised way to exploit cheap natural resources and get great benefits from poverty-stricken countries.(國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì))

③ It must be stressed out that there exists a potential danger of the abuse of the beneficence by some corrupt governmental officials and inefficient administration.(國(guó)家政治)

二、拓展句-----種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆。

我們常說(shuō)有善因，得善果，大作文實(shí)則是對(duì)于某種現(xiàn)象或觀點(diǎn)正確與否的回應(yīng)，如果支持某體現(xiàn)象，大多是“因?yàn)?rdquo;這種現(xiàn)象可導(dǎo)致好的結(jié)果，從而有好的影響，因此task two中我們會(huì)通過推導(dǎo)主題中的現(xiàn)象或行為產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，以及這個(gè)結(jié)果對(duì)于社會(huì)產(chǎn)生的影響從而論證正確、優(yōu)劣以及決定自己的觀點(diǎn)是贊同還是反對(duì)。

如題：Differences between countries are becoming less evident nowadays. People tend to have the same films, music, brands, TV channels, etc. To what extent do you think the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?

全球化對(duì)于國(guó)家甚至是世界的影響可以從政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)方面考慮，首先是觀點(diǎn)句：The drawbacks of such a global village are multifarious.說(shuō)明全球化影響的多樣性。

另給出反對(duì)者對(duì)于全球化現(xiàn)象造成的某種結(jié)果： Some people are really concerned about the loss of their national identity. Others feel upset at the prospect of cultural and economic globalization, which will endanger the jobs of people in many industries.

最終這個(gè)結(jié)果對(duì)政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響：In the upcoming future, they are afraid cultural diversity will be a historical term.

同時(shí)，全球化的正面影響也可以從世界和平方向來(lái)論證，首先是觀點(diǎn)句：On the contrary, optimists come up with many novel ideas countering the opinions mentioned above.

之所以贊同全球化，是因?yàn)榇罅繖C(jī)會(huì)的產(chǎn)生(現(xiàn)象)：They feel that globalization will bring more opportunities for the world.

各個(gè)領(lǐng)域的共性會(huì)增進(jìn)和諧(行為導(dǎo)致結(jié)果)：The conformity of all the countries in the fields of fashion and entertainment, among many others, will eventually lead to greater harmony.

最終會(huì)促進(jìn)世界和平(影響) If that were realised, peace might dominate the planet.

綜上所述，文章主體段的論證決定考生的最終成績(jī)，考官對(duì)于論證的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性、有效性的要求更甚于開頭與結(jié)尾段，因此需要考生先確定討論的主題，在此基礎(chǔ)上深入思考受益方與受損方，并從現(xiàn)象到行為與結(jié)果，最終論證影響是否積極，從而能迅速高效地突破大作文寫作。 

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