托福聽力的意圖

了解托福聽力題目意圖很重要。對(duì)于托福聽力考生都知道聽力中需要考生們?nèi)ネ茢嘁馑紒?lái)解答題目。在托福聽力材料中掌握好推斷的程度也是一個(gè)難題。 有時(shí)候會(huì)推斷不到進(jìn)一步的含義，有的時(shí)候又推斷過(guò)度，誤解了原本的意思。針對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象，給出了一些托福聽力技巧來(lái)解決。

同學(xué)們不僅要知道句子的表層意義，還要理解說(shuō)話者的真正意圖、懂得話語(yǔ)的隱含含義。也就是說(shuō)，同學(xué)們需要揣測(cè)出隱含含義，但是要有個(gè)“度”，這便是同學(xué)們應(yīng) 該掌握到的托福聽力技巧，尤其是在處理托福聽力細(xì)節(jié)題時(shí)，慎用推斷，這是細(xì)節(jié)題的難點(diǎn)之一，也是很多同學(xué)容易出錯(cuò)的地方。我們來(lái)看托福聽力材料吧，TPO-18中第三篇Lecture: The Role of Spices。

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其中一道題是，What two factors explain why medieval Europeans did not use spices to cover the taste of spoiled meat? Click on 2 answers

A. Fresh meat was less expensive than spices were

B. Spices were mainly used in incense and perfume

C. The sale of spoiled food was prohibited

D. Salt was cheaper than most spices were

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這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。原文如下：It’s commonly said that medieval Europeans wanted spices to cover up the taste of spoiled meat. But this isn’t really true. Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat. We also have evidence that various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food, and if you were caught doing it, you were subject to various fines, humiliating public punishments. So what actually was true was this: In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice.

托福聽力原文中提到Anyone who had to worry about spoiled meat couldn’t afford spices in the first place. If you could afford spices, you could definitely afford fresh meat，根據(jù)聽到句子的表層含義可知，那些買得起香料的人自然能夠買得起鮮肉，更不會(huì)用香料來(lái)掩蓋壞肉的味道了!所以A項(xiàng)正確。同樣地，根據(jù)原文中 various medieval markets employed a kind of police to make sure that people did not sell spoiled food,可知，人們被禁止銷售壞肉，所以C項(xiàng)正確。

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但是，不少同學(xué)錯(cuò)選了D項(xiàng)。為什么呢?因?yàn)樵�文中是聽到了In order to have meat for the winter, people would preserve it in salt, not a spice. 其中就談到了salt保存肉類，于是一些同學(xué)推測(cè)：既然香料昂貴，而人們用salt來(lái)保存肉類，那不就是說(shuō)salt比spice要便宜呀，并且這也是常 識(shí)啊!

D項(xiàng)這類錯(cuò)誤是比較典型的。注意：題目不是推斷題，所以不能妄加揣測(cè)，即使D項(xiàng)看起來(lái)多么“完美”、多么“無(wú)懈可擊”，原文沒(méi)有提到salt比spice便宜，如果咱們硬是要推出來(lái)，或者把它作為常識(shí)選出來(lái)，那就錯(cuò)了!

這種類型的題需要同學(xué)們掌握一些托福聽力技巧才能更高效地解決，許多托福聽力材料中都在這方面出了考點(diǎn)，為了就是考察考生們對(duì)文章理解的深淺。要想做好這種題一定要仔細(xì)的揣測(cè)意思，掌握好托福聽力中所謂的“度”。只有這樣才能更準(zhǔn)確的解答出題目。

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