托福閱讀考試思路分析：填入表格題

 我們?cè)谧鐾懈ｉ喿x的時(shí)候，會(huì)碰到這樣一種題型：

Directions: Complete the table below by selecting three answer choices that are characteristics of primary groups and two answer choices that are characteristics of secondary groups. This question is worth 3 points.

這種題型ETS稱之為填入表格題，別名對(duì)號(hào)入座題，這類題型大多出現(xiàn)于整體架構(gòu)有分類或?qū)Ρ鹊奈恼轮�，與文章小結(jié)題不會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，屬于互斥，但與文章小結(jié)題非常類似，都出現(xiàn)在文章的最后一題，題干相對(duì)固定，填入表格題不僅考察學(xué)生對(duì)主體信息與細(xì)節(jié)信息的區(qū)分能力，還考察學(xué)生對(duì)不同信息分類填入表格的能力。一般是七選五的題目，五個(gè)全正確，滿分三分，四個(gè)正確得兩分，三個(gè)正確得一分，兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以下，沒有分，也就是你全做對(duì)了，性價(jià)比會(huì)很高，就做對(duì)兩個(gè)或一個(gè)，浪費(fèi)了時(shí)間還沒有分，不如不做，很悲催是吧，很多同學(xué)一碰到填入表格題就頭疼，覺得找不到地方，信息點(diǎn)又很瑣碎，回原文定位時(shí)間需求量比較大，所以得到滿分的情況不多，那我們有沒有什么方法可以縮減做題時(shí)間并提升正確率呢?先從出題思路說起。

首先我們先來分析一下填入表格題的題目特點(diǎn)，七選五或五選三，再對(duì)號(hào)入座，換句話說，必定有兩個(gè)多余的選項(xiàng)是不能跟給出的表格匹配的，那我們?cè)谧鲱}的時(shí)候可以先排除掉這兩個(gè)無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，再進(jìn)行信息匹配，那怎樣一眼就可以排除掉呢，看主體，主體一致的保留，不一致的直接排除，舉個(gè)例子：

Directions: Complete the table below by matching THERE of the five answer choices with the ways advances supported agriculture and the military.

A. They were the first to invent the wheel.

B. The Sumerians were the first to use writing.

C. The stars told when it was time to plant.

D. The wheel was used for carts in battle.

E. Writing kept track of food storage.

Sumerian Civilization

The Sumerians made many advances. They first improved agriculture. They later established a military. The Sumerians are thought to have invented the wheel. It was first used for pottery, which was essential for storing crops. Then it was used for grinding grain. Last, it was then used for farm and military vehicles. Sumerians were the first to use writing and math, even before the Egyptians. This helped them organize their society. These systems were used to keep track of food storage and trade. The military used it to keep track of men, weapons, and supplies. They were the first to study the stars and sun in a serious way. It helped them tell time so they could decide when to plant crops. A way of reading the stars also helped them plan when to attack their enemies. They believed that the state could speak of their success or failure.

解析：先看題目，要求五選三，分別選出支持agriculture和 military，這兩個(gè)單詞大家都不陌生，指農(nóng)業(yè)和軍事，那我們選的選項(xiàng)得跟這兩方面對(duì)應(yīng)，謹(jǐn)記這一點(diǎn)，我們看選項(xiàng)，A中陳述他們最先發(fā)明輪子，沒寫作用，說跟農(nóng)業(yè)和軍事有關(guān)嗎?無關(guān)，排除;B中陳述他們最先使用寫作，沒寫影響，說跟農(nóng)業(yè)和軍事有關(guān)嗎?無關(guān)，排除。排除了兩個(gè)無關(guān)選項(xiàng)，下一步就是對(duì)號(hào)入座了，C中出現(xiàn)了plant，跟農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)，D中出現(xiàn)了battle，跟軍事有關(guān)，五選三，農(nóng)業(yè)選二，軍事選一，那剩余的E項(xiàng)肯定是跟農(nóng)業(yè)有關(guān)的了，而且E中出現(xiàn)了food，符合我們的選擇，我們已經(jīng)完全做對(duì)了題目，做題速度大有提高吧，看到這，可能有同學(xué)說我們只看幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞，那如果有關(guān)鍵詞但表述錯(cuò)誤怎么辦，這樣只看關(guān)鍵詞選擇是不是就不對(duì)了，這時(shí)要明白的是我們已經(jīng)把無關(guān)選項(xiàng)排除掉了，也就是說剩余的選項(xiàng)必定是相關(guān)的，必定也是正確的，這時(shí)候我們完全可以根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行信息匹配，再對(duì)號(hào)入座就能夠做對(duì)題目了。

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然而，無關(guān)選項(xiàng)我們能很快的挑出來，難就難在有時(shí)候每個(gè)選項(xiàng)好像都是相關(guān)，就是不確定對(duì)不對(duì)，這時(shí)候我們沒法先排除再對(duì)號(hào)入座，這時(shí)候就考察我們區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息的能力了，區(qū)分主要還是次要，就要看這個(gè)句子需不需要被論證，表格填入題一般出題點(diǎn)在文中出現(xiàn)對(duì)比的地方，這就要求我們?cè)陂喿x文章的時(shí)候要抓住哪些是對(duì)比之處，即不同點(diǎn)，最能彰顯兩者不同的特點(diǎn)也就是主要信息了。下面看例題：

Directions: Complete the table below by matching TWO of the five answers choices with the kinds of earthquakes.

A. Both shake like guitar strings.

B. Plates rub together and slip.

C. Plates crack in the middle.

D. Surface plates move.

E. Energy is released in waves.

An earthquake happens when the surface plate of our earth move. Sometimes the plates rub together. These are called interplate quakes. When there is a sudden slip between the plates, energy is released in the form of shock waves. Both plates shake like a guitar string when it is picked. Quakes can also happen when a crack in the middle of a plate forms. These are called intraplate quakes. They often surprise scientists because they happen in places that they do not ever expect earthquakes.

解析：對(duì)號(hào)入座一對(duì)一，題目簡單，我們看看做題思路是怎樣的，一開始不確定選項(xiàng)有關(guān)無關(guān)，那著重看文章中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)對(duì)比之處，已用藍(lán)色標(biāo)出，these，指代題，跟前面有關(guān)，兩者對(duì)比關(guān)系可以表示為：Sometimes the plates rub together--interplate quakes和 Quakes can also happen when a crack in the middle of a plate forms-- intraplate quakes。會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，第一個(gè)的關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)是rub together，第二個(gè)是crack in the middle of a plate forms，大體瀏覽一下所有選項(xiàng)，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)B中出現(xiàn)rub together，屬于interplate quakes;C中出現(xiàn)crack in the middle，屬于 intraplate quakes，那我們就選出正確答案了，這時(shí)候選項(xiàng)A、D、E的對(duì)錯(cuò)已無關(guān)緊要了，因?yàn)樗鼈儾皇亲钅鼙憩F(xiàn)兩者不同之處的特點(diǎn)，也就無需再去考慮對(duì)錯(cuò)了。

通過這兩個(gè)簡單的例題，希望同學(xué)們能了解ETS對(duì)填入表格題的出題思路，用簡單的思想去攻克復(fù)雜的題，這是明智的解題方法。填入表格題出現(xiàn)的頻率雖不如文章小結(jié)題高，但出現(xiàn)一次我們攻克一次，把性價(jià)比相當(dāng)高的填入表格題當(dāng)作送分的題目那是相當(dāng)爽的，希望同學(xué)們可以細(xì)細(xì)體會(huì)做題方法，仔細(xì)思考出題點(diǎn)，每做一次題就要有一次新收獲，最后祝大家考出好成績。

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