托福語法之冠詞小集錦

一、基本規(guī)律 (Basic rules)

1. Indefinite article (不定冠詞) 　　我們用 "a , an "當(dāng)我們不知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個： 　　* is one of many. ( 是許多個中的一個) 　　He is an artist.(=there are many artists) 　　* is not unique. (不是唯一的) 　　I have just bought a book 　　* has not been mentioned before. (之前沒有提到過) 　　There was a new student in class today.

2. Definite article (定冠詞) 　　我們用 "the "當(dāng)我們知道他是諸多人或事中的哪一個： 　　* is unique (or unique in that context) (是唯一的) 　　The Australian Prime Minister. (=there is only one) 　　I looked inside, the engine was in a terrible state. (=there is only one engine, in this case) 　　* has been mentioned before. (之前提到過) 　　The man gave me a ticket. I looked at it, and saw that the ticket was a single. 　　* is defined by the phrase which follows it. (要被接下來的短語詳細(xì)說明) 　　What is the new student's name?

3. No articles (無冠詞) 　　我們不用冠詞當(dāng)我們普遍地提及事物的時候： 　　* using plural or uncountable nouns (在使用復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時) 　　Do you like sport? 　　* with the names of people or places, but there are many exceptions (人名和地名的時候不用冠詞，但是地名有許多例外，下文一一介紹) 　　He is Professor Jones

4. Fixed phrases ( 固定短語) 　　有許多固定搭配需要用或者不用冠詞，我們應(yīng)該來單獨學(xué)習(xí)，他們包括： 　　a few at home at work at the beginning atthe end go to bed 　　go to the cinemas, shops, station in the world once a week 　　sixty kilometres an hour the next the other the other day 　　the same

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二、經(jīng)常發(fā)生問題的區(qū)域 (Areas that often cause problems)

1. Jobs (工作) 　　如果有許多人做這個工作我們用 a 或 an.： 　　My husband is an architect. (=there are many architects) 　　但是如果一個工作特別對應(yīng)一個人，我們就要用“the”了： 　　He is having talks with the French foreign minister(外交部長). (=there is only one)

2. Superlative (最高級) 　　我們使用“the”在形容詞最高級前面： 　　She is the best person for the job.

3. Last and next 　　有一些形容詞如 “last” 和 “next ”同時可以用也可以不用定冠詞“the”但是句意會發(fā)生變化 　　I saw James last night. (=the one before this one) 　　It is the last night of our holiday. (=the fanal one) 　　I will see you next week.(=the one after this　　one)

4. Institutions: school, prison, university, church, home, hospital 　　和以上機構(gòu)連用時我們不用定冠詞“the” 　　My sister had to stay in hospital overnight. 　　然而，如果我們指的是這個建筑，我們就要用“the” 　　Our flat is opposite the hospital.

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