高分必備：如何寫出多樣化的雅思寫作句式

文章由段落組成，段落由句子組成，句子是表達思想的基本單位，因此寫作得分的高低在很大程度上取決于句子寫作水平的高低。要寫出好的、吸引人的文章可以從句式的變化入手。不同類型的句子有不同的特點和用途，句式不同，表達的效果也會不同。只有在寫作中保持句式的多樣化，才能夠使文章生動活潑、引人入勝。以下介紹幾種保持句式多樣化的方法：

一、巧用連接詞

如果在寫作中大量使用簡單句，勢必會導致句式單一，正確使用連接詞不僅能夠?qū)⒑唵尉浜喜�，而且能夠�(qū)⑽恼碌膬?nèi)容更清楚、更連貫地表達出來。在表示邏輯關(guān)系時，可以選用以下四種連接詞。

表示增補的連接詞：and, as well as, besides, furthermore, moreover, not only...but also等；

表示轉(zhuǎn)折的連接詞：however, in spite, though, but, otherwise, whereas, nonetheless等；

表示原因的連接詞：since, as, so, because, why等；

表示時間的連接詞：before, after, since, as, until, meanwhile, when, whenever, as soon as等。

同時還可使用一些表示從屬關(guān)系的連接詞，如who，,what, that, which等。例如：

He was born in a small village. His father was a teacher in the village school. His mother did the housework. He began to go to his father's school at seven. He graduated from it six years later. He went to the junior middle school in a nearby town. He studied at a senior middle school in the county. He was a good student there。

盡管這段話中所有的句子都是正確的，但是句型單一，而且在八個句子中只有"His father"和"His mother"兩個不同的主語，其他句子都是以"He"開頭的。下面是修改后的段落：

He was born in a small village. His father taught at the village school and his mother did the housework. He began to study at his father's school at seven and six years later entered the junior middle school in a nearby town. After graduating from it he was admitted to a senior middle school in the county, where he proved to be a good student。

二、活用短語

簡練是寫作的一個重要原則。有時可以根據(jù)前后句子之間的關(guān)系，通過靈活使用分詞短語、不定式短語、介詞短語或形容詞短語將從句簡化成短語，這樣不僅能夠豐富句式，還能夠用最少的詞匯準確地表達最多的信息。例如：

1.If he had been born in the new society, he would have developed into a great artist。

2.She was so weak that she couldn't even stand up。

3.She was frightened when she saw a lion staring at her。

4.As she was not satisfied with this, she tried to think of a better solution。

可以把以上從句分別改成下面四個短語，從而達到用較少的詞匯表達同樣的內(nèi)容，而且更符合英語的表達習慣：

1.Born in the new society, he would have developed into a great artist。

2.She was too weak to stand up。

3.She was frightened at the sight of a lion staring at her。

4.Not satisfied with this, she tried to think of a better solution。

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三、長短句相間

長句和短句各有其優(yōu)點和缺點。長句因為使用了較多的限定語，限制了概念的外延，增加了概念的內(nèi)涵，所以比較精確，但使用起來不太靈活、方便。短句直截了當，一般比較簡潔、有力，但不利于表達復(fù)雜的信息。因此，在寫作中應(yīng)長短句交替使用。例如：

I like reading novels. They often tell me interesting and moving stories. Some stories are also instructive. They describe good and evil people. They describe the bright side and the dark side of life. They help me distinguish between right and wrong. In this way they have helped me understand people and life. As a result, I seem to have become wiser。

此段中一共有八個簡單句，句型結(jié)構(gòu)單一，而且句子長短相近，十分單調(diào)。下面是修改后的段落：

I like reading novels because they tell interesting and moving stories. Moreover, some stories are instructive. By describing good and evil people，and the bright side and the dark side of life, such stories help me to distinguish between right and wrong, and understand people and life. Reading them has perhaps made me wiser。

修改后的段落句子長短相間，中心意思(作者從閱讀小說中學到了哪些東西)更加明確。修改稿沒有將原稿中的第三句和最后一句與其他的句子融合在一起，因為短句通常更有力，能夠強調(diào)重要內(nèi)容，所以仍保持簡單句的句式。

四、巧用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

英語的基本句型是：主語+謂語+賓語或主語+系表結(jié)構(gòu)，但是如果偶爾改變某一句子成分的位置，可以收到意想不到的表達效果。例如：

1.Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but at the same time harm the interests of others。

2.In her he has absolute faith。

3.By no means should we look down upon people who have less education than we do。

總之，考生在平時的寫作過程中要有意識地運用一些有效的手段來改變句式，而在考試過程中應(yīng)抽出幾分鐘的時間對草稿的句式進行適當?shù)恼{(diào)整，以避免句式的單一。只有這樣，才能夠保證提高自己的寫作水平，同時在考試中取得好的成績。

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