在雅思考試中雅思閱讀是一大題型,細(xì)節(jié)是做好雅思閱讀的關(guān)鍵,通常是考點(diǎn)“潛伏”的地方。我們閱讀每一篇雅思文章的時(shí)候,都會(huì)遇到很多雅思信號(hào)詞,而這些無(wú)所不在的信號(hào)詞是做好雅思閱讀題的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵。
在雅思考試中雅思閱讀是一大題型,細(xì)節(jié)是做好雅思閱讀的關(guān)鍵,通常是考點(diǎn)“潛伏”的地方。我們閱讀每一篇雅思文章的時(shí)候,都會(huì)遇到很多雅思信號(hào)詞,而這些無(wú)所不在的信號(hào)詞是做好雅思閱讀題的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵。
信號(hào)詞就好比是高速公路上的標(biāo)識(shí)牌,見到了它們,你就知道目的地距離自己的位置還有多遠(yuǎn)的距離,需要直走,還是拐彎。從而采取精讀或是跳讀掃讀等不一樣的方法和閱題技巧。下面我們就分析一下雅思閱讀中信號(hào)詞對(duì)考點(diǎn)指示的微妙作用。
在介紹雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞之前,我們先對(duì)它們進(jìn)行一下分類,雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞能分為幾類呢?把劍橋3-7閱讀出現(xiàn)的與考點(diǎn)相關(guān)的信號(hào)詞分為兩大類:一個(gè)是傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞;另一個(gè)就是非傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞。為什么要這樣分呢?傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞有是我們平時(shí)在學(xué)校課堂上、寫作課上,老師都強(qiáng)調(diào)的幾大類,表順接和遞進(jìn),表對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折,表相似,表時(shí)間先后關(guān)系,表排列次序,表因果關(guān)系,表舉例和說(shuō)明關(guān)系。而非傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞則是我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)閱讀中常常忽視的細(xì)節(jié),但是根據(jù)劍橋的出題思路和模式,我發(fā)現(xiàn)還有一類的信號(hào)詞是常常和考點(diǎn)有密切的聯(lián)系。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞一、對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折
例詞:however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison…
考點(diǎn):However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.(C4, P66, T13主旨選擇題)
題目中出現(xiàn)了conclude的字眼,總結(jié)段落一般是在文章的最后,然而帶有轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞however這句話,顯然就是文章的考點(diǎn)所在。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞二、相似
例詞:similarly, in other words, that is, put another way…
考點(diǎn):In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were‘limits to growth’.(C4, P97, T32分類題)
解析:In other words是解釋,換一種說(shuō)法,通常會(huì)以更加簡(jiǎn)單易懂,清晰的話語(yǔ)陳述出難點(diǎn),常常難點(diǎn)就是雅思閱讀考點(diǎn)出沒(méi)的地方。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞三、順接和遞進(jìn)
例詞:also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…
考點(diǎn):And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…(C6, P28, T31找標(biāo)題)
解析:And在這句話開頭,有一定的遞進(jìn)含義, this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因紐特人傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí)),所以這兩句話有緊密的聯(lián)系,同學(xué)們?cè)谧x題的時(shí)候要通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)信號(hào)詞,然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句,最后把考點(diǎn)考察的意思補(bǔ)充完整。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞四、時(shí)間先后
例詞:firstly, second, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…
考點(diǎn):Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.(C6, P94, T30選標(biāo)題)
解析:段落結(jié)構(gòu)很清楚,主要是因?yàn)橛斜磉_(dá)順序的信號(hào)詞First、second、third,讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)這段是在講,侍強(qiáng)凌弱這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)開始改變,主要是從三個(gè)方面入手:意識(shí)、資源、監(jiān)督。這種發(fā)展讓學(xué)校有了更多的方法和有效途徑解決存在的問(wèn)題。這里的First、second、third提示我們?nèi)齻(gè)方面,同時(shí)也是一個(gè)發(fā)展的過(guò)程。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞五、 排列次序
例詞:another, the second, the most, the best…
考點(diǎn):Most important of all, the traditional measures of ‘risk’, such as parents’ age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development。(C5, P63, T12判斷題)
解析:most important of all 強(qiáng)調(diào)了最重要的事情,也就是文中比較重要的結(jié)論要出爐了。Single parents是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞,同樣在這一句里出現(xiàn)了,我們可以利用對(duì)信號(hào)詞的敏感度,快速抓住文章的考點(diǎn),進(jìn)行局部精讀。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞六、強(qiáng)調(diào)作用
例詞:in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…
考點(diǎn):This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…(C5, P21, T18信息包含題)
解析:信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在那個(gè)段落出現(xiàn),在做此類題目時(shí),要注意信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)的密切相關(guān)性,從而迅速找準(zhǔn)答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence (實(shí)質(zhì)上), 起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,迅速掃讀后,發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology, 破折號(hào)后面的介詞to是表目的與題目中的the general aim of一致對(duì)應(yīng)。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞七、 因果關(guān)系
例詞:as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…
考點(diǎn):The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities, which are destroying rainforests… (C4, P19,T11簡(jiǎn)答題)
解析:這道簡(jiǎn)答題的文本題就是問(wèn)the reason for the loss of rainforests, 所以我們可以同通過(guò)原因信號(hào)詞,判斷考點(diǎn)的方位。
雅思閱讀信號(hào)詞八、 舉例子和說(shuō)明
例詞:for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…
考點(diǎn): Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton…(C5, P39, T5流程圖)
解析:我們看到such as后面是舉例子,such as 后面的例子可以作為定位詞,woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers 在這里就是一個(gè)概括性的詞語(yǔ),常常是考點(diǎn)。
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