托福聽力：對于單句的理解要達(dá)到什么程度呢？

很多新托福聽力文章都是關(guān)于“聽什么”，即材料方面展開的。在托福聽力聽寫的開始，同學(xué)們只要揀有興趣的材料寫，能聽出多少寫多少就是了;但這個階段結(jié)束過后的下一個階段就要過度到理解層面了，因為大家做多了聽寫(dictation)之后會感覺到聽寫是一個很機械行為，也就是為什么很多人作了一段時間聽寫之后覺得沒有更深層次提高的原因;

其實并不是聽寫本身的問題，聽寫還是要繼續(xù)下去。只是要過渡到聽更長的句子甚至兩句一起聽，然后再出來，才能有提高。因為這樣的聽寫就涉及到了更深層次的東西：理解能力，即單句的理解。

那么單句的理解要達(dá)到一個什么樣的效果呢?

首先要知道這句話的main idea：比如Everyone will agree, he argues, that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself and really only for itself. For what other purpose is there in being happy? What does it yield ? The attainment of happiness becomes the ultimate or highest good for Aristotle.此句話如果做聽寫會很麻煩，因為開頭那個插入語引導(dǎo)的兩個義群都相對較長：

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everyone will agree/ that happiness is the ultimate end to be valued for itself，如果一般的聽寫會把語流所帶出來的邏輯打亂：這樣，考生的腦子里就會形成“每個人都知道，他(Aristotle)提出，幸福是人類追求的最終要義……”原本流暢的一句話就這樣被切割了。但是當(dāng)我們注重一句話的main idea的時候，我們就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，這兩句聽完，表達(dá)的就是一個意思：幸福是人類追求的最終成就(要義、結(jié)果……)

同理，另外一句：What that means...the general definition of sustainable is will there be enough to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to have the availability...to have the same resources?一句話，簡而言之即：不能犧牲子孫利益而尋發(fā)展。主要抓住sustainable和compromise兩個詞就能很好地理解大意;

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第二，大家可以判斷一句話的感情色彩：在某些語氣強烈的句子當(dāng)中，比如反問句和對比性較強的句子，說話者往往拿兩個事情進(jìn)行對比而得出一個答案，此時，我們只要聽出得出的答案即可：比如，But why? why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control? Well,how can a society flourish if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions?此處一個反問句，其實表達(dá)的意思即一種：Anyway,無論如何，W和S should and must learn to control themselves。這樣也減輕了大家在聽力的時候記憶可能過載的現(xiàn)象。

最后，大家還要根據(jù)幾句話的內(nèi)容來推測即將展開的內(nèi)容：比如，

1. So, for Watson, thinking is identical with the activity of muscles. A related concept of thinking was developed by William James. It's called ideomoter action;接下來展開的是ideomoter action;

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2. But why? why do workers and soliders have to learn self-control? Well,how can a society flourish if the workers and soliders don't control their desires and emotions? Plato thinks if the they aren't under control, workers will sleep too much and play too much, so they're not going to get their jobs done. And soliders need to channel their high spiritedness in a certain direction, precisely by being courageous.But you are not going to get that automatically.推斷接下來要講如何使W和S能夠?qū)W會self-control的，所以接下來文章提出的education問題才不會顯得十分突兀。

所以在進(jìn)行新托福聽力聽寫的過程中，一定要注意句子本身和句子之間的銜接問題，多思考句子的大意、感情色彩和句子間的邏輯關(guān)系的推測，這樣才能真正的做到聽中思考，做到心中有數(shù)。

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