托福閱讀：如何在閱讀中提取句子的主干

 如何在托福閱讀中提取句子的主干?這樣即抓住了閱讀的重點(diǎn)，也節(jié)省了閱讀時(shí)間。有些同學(xué)對(duì)于分析長(zhǎng)難句并不是那么敏感，看到句子簡(jiǎn)化題可能就會(huì)有暈頭轉(zhuǎn)向的感覺(jué)，在這里給大家講解一些句子簡(jiǎn)化題的方法技巧，希望再次越到此題型不再那么迷茫。

首先，句子簡(jiǎn)化題在文中出現(xiàn)的個(gè)數(shù)是0-1個(gè)。它的題干問(wèn)法是固定的，永遠(yuǎn)都是。

which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information。就是從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中學(xué)出最能表達(dá)文中高亮句的主要信息，所以不管做多少次句子簡(jiǎn)化題，大家都不要浪費(fèi)時(shí)間去讀題直接看選項(xiàng)就好了。

解答句子簡(jiǎn)化題并不是像一般人認(rèn)為的去翻譯這個(gè)句子才能解題，一般是需要以下這兩個(gè)步驟的。第一，看到句子之后的第一個(gè)反應(yīng)是找句子內(nèi)部的邏輯關(guān)系。常見(jiàn)的邏輯關(guān)系有兩種轉(zhuǎn)折或者因果。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，若原高亮句有轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，第一步需要做的事情是排掉選項(xiàng)中邏輯關(guān)系不對(duì)的即不是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的，若選項(xiàng)中還有兩個(gè)以上邏輯關(guān)系都相符合，那么采用的原則是邏輯成分的對(duì)應(yīng)。這是第一步有邏輯關(guān)系的時(shí)候采用的方法，如果高亮句中沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系需要采用第二步，提取高亮句中的主干信息，排掉選項(xiàng)中主干信息不符的。

為了讓大家更好的體會(huì)答題方法，舉個(gè)例子來(lái)進(jìn)一步詮釋一下。

Paragraph 9: The relative amount of these two kinds of water varies greatly from one kind of rock or sediment to another, even though their porosities may be the same. What happens depends on pore size. If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held。

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information

○Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores。

○Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension。

○Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film。

○If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist。

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首先，高亮句中有一個(gè)很明顯的邏輯關(guān)系詞叫but說(shuō)明原句是轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，按照我的方法選項(xiàng)中不是表示轉(zhuǎn)折的全都排掉那只剩下選項(xiàng)A了，那么這個(gè)題就選A。此種方法可以在句子很長(zhǎng)讀不懂題的情況下快速解答出來(lái)。

那我們來(lái)看一下托福 閱讀中原句話的意思說(shuō)如果孔大，里面的水就會(huì)形成水滴對(duì)于表面張力來(lái)說(shuō)太沉了hold不住，結(jié)果就是里面的水就流走了，但是如果孔小的話里面的水就會(huì)以薄膜的形式存在，表面張力就能hold住結(jié)果里面的水就會(huì)留在里面了。如果我們根據(jù)意思來(lái)的話此題一樣也選A選項(xiàng)。

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