托福閱讀考試中如何利用詞匯題作為解題線索

托福閱讀題型中有一類題型讓人頭疼不已，就是我們常見的托福閱讀詞匯題，即選擇四個(gè)選項(xiàng)里和文章中的某個(gè)詞匯意義相同的單詞。通常被考到的托福閱讀詞匯也是非常關(guān)鍵性的，對理解文章整個(gè)的大意或整段的核心思想有著緊密聯(lián)系。

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在托福閱讀文章中被考到的單詞或短語會(huì)被用陰影標(biāo)識(shí)出來

☆ In the case of a word, the question might be :

The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to

☆ In the case of a phrase, the question might be :

In stating X, the author means that

The phrase X in the passage is closest in meaning to

其中，以第一種形式，也就是考察考生某單詞在文章上下文中意思的問題類型最為常見。

那么，該如何答題：

1. 在文章中定位到陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語。

2. 仔細(xì)閱讀該詞或短語所在句子。

3. 在句子中尋找可以幫助理解陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語的具體意思的線索。

4. 選擇答案，并將所選擇的單詞或短語放入原文進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)，以確認(rèn)這個(gè)句子在全文中仍是有意義的。

選擇答案時(shí)，不要僅僅因?yàn)槟硞�(gè)選項(xiàng)符合該單詞的某一個(gè)正確意思就將其作為正確選項(xiàng);題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一個(gè)詞義。

如何利用各種托福閱讀詞匯題線索

☆ 結(jié)構(gòu)線索(即指明句子中各成分之間關(guān)系的特定單詞、短語和語法結(jié)構(gòu))

1.對比

Example: OG Practice Set 5, question 6

Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed…

The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ made progress

○ became active

○ caused changes

○ combined forces

解析：單詞readily所在的文章句子中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折詞but, 根據(jù)文章中but后面的內(nèi)容我們可以得出短語gathered some momentum在此句中的意思為made progress。

2.例子

Example: OG Practice Set 4, question 10

Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ mistrust

○ misinterpret

○ criticize

○ resent

解析：distort所在的文章句子后出現(xiàn)“for example”, 根據(jù)for example中的內(nèi)容，我們可以得出distort在此句中的意思為misinterpret。
 

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