解析雅思聽力中同義置換的運(yùn)用

同義置換，也叫同義轉(zhuǎn)化，即平行短語，是活躍在雅思聽力各大題型中的核心考點(diǎn)。雖說不少烤鴨一致認(rèn)為聽力部分在雅思考試中是比較容易搞定的，但還是有不少考生抱怨，聽力題想得高分也絕非易事。教學(xué)過程中，印象最深的就是有部分基礎(chǔ)較好的同學(xué)反映，總是把握不住節(jié)奏，往往空前或選項中的關(guān)鍵單詞聽過去了好久才反應(yīng)過來甚至還沒發(fā)現(xiàn)。這里有一個簡單的原因：同義置換現(xiàn)象沒有識別出來。下面，新通雅思培訓(xùn)中心的專家將就同義置換現(xiàn)象給廣大考生具體舉例分析。

一、同義詞、近義詞

最常見的同義置換，通常出現(xiàn)在Section 2,3中，填空題選擇題皆有可能出現(xiàn)。

請看以下兩個例子：

1）劍四Test 2 Section 2 Question 13:

International students may find stress difficult to handle because

A. they lack support from family and friends

B. they don’t have time to make new friends

C. they find it difficult to socialize

雅思聽力同義置換很難嗎？NO！你只是缺少專業(yè)意見

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聽力原文：stress → anxiety, handle → cope with

A: lack →without

2）劍五Test 2 Section 4 Question 31:

More than _____ times as big as the UK.

聽力原文：more than → over, as big as the UK → the size of the UK

3）E.g. However, women are more prepared to ______ about them.

聽力原文：more prepared to → more willing to

由此可見，雅思聽力題目的同義詞置換頻度還是比較高的，雖然沒有直接考查考生的詞匯量，但能夠間接地考察考生對關(guān)鍵詞靈活處理的能力。以下還有一些高頻同義詞和近義詞，新通雅思培訓(xùn)中心的專家希望考生們能夠在此基礎(chǔ)上自行總結(jié)出真題里的同義置換詞，切實(shí)抓住詞的內(nèi)在含義而非詞的形式和表達(dá)方式，以不變應(yīng)萬變。

grow → increase, expand, rise, improve, soar, climb, extend, rocket

contribute to → cause, trigger, lead to, result in, account for, give rise to, etc.

significant → crucial, enormous, dramatic, tremendous, remarkable, substantial, etc.

like → resemble, alike, identical, twin, similar

depend on → rely upon(on), count on, lean on, reckon on, rest on, etc.

large → big, considerable, enormous, gigantic, substantial, vast, massive, numerous, tremendous

before → prior to, earlier than, ahead of, previously, formerly, used to, etc.

disadvantage → drawback, minus, downside, deficiency, problem, flaw, weakness, weak point

二、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

一般情況下詞性轉(zhuǎn)換就是形容詞，動詞，名詞，副詞之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。請看以下例子：

劍四 Test 3

23. In the seminar the work on writing aims to improve

A. confidence

B. speed

C. clarity

聽力原文：techniques to write clearly. Clearly → clarity的paraphrase.（副詞與名詞間替換）

類似的例子有很多，真題里隨處可見。以下是經(jīng)常發(fā)生同義置換的詞：

clear—clarity

wide—width

Europe—European

satisfy—satisfactory/satisfaction

photocopier—photocopying facilities

available—availability

assess—assessment

unemployment—unemployed

anxious—anxiety

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三、邏輯和句式轉(zhuǎn)化

此類同義轉(zhuǎn)化經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在Section 3,4中。試卷上的表達(dá)方式和聽到的內(nèi)容差異較大，也是廣大考生跟不上節(jié)奏的重要原因。試想，如果沒有提前讀試題（這個現(xiàn)象非常普遍），在錄音開始時才開始瀏覽，此時考生還要聽錄音，卷面上的用詞面目全非，那么對于基礎(chǔ)一般、反應(yīng)較慢的考生來說正確率可想而知。所以熟悉邏輯轉(zhuǎn)化和句式變化在此就顯得尤為重要了。請看以下幾個例子：

1）聽力原文：Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile...

題干：For example, potential______ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident.

2）題干：When investing in stocks and shares, it is suggested that women should put a high proportions of their savings in ______.

聽力原文：a high proportions of 在此被替換成了70%.

3）題干：At that time, local craftsmen first built an iron forge just behind the village here.

聽力原文：The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by ______.

注意：此句中出現(xiàn)了主被動句的互換。也就是說，卷面上出現(xiàn)了被動語態(tài)，考生一定要留心主動語態(tài)的出現(xiàn)，也就意味著賓語與主語可能位置倒置。一定要留心一開頭出現(xiàn)的主語。反之若題干是主動語態(tài)，則應(yīng)積極聯(lián)想被動形式。

你造嗎？雅思聽力同義置換其實(shí)是醬紫學(xué)的！

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4）劍五 Test 4

25. What does Karin think the company will do?

A. look for private investors

B. accept a takeover offer

C. issue some new shares

選項B→ they have the choice of accepting the very favorable terms that another company…have given them to buy them out.

選項C→ Or they could decide on a bolder move and offer some new shares if they wanted.

√選項A→ they will start trying to find individuals who’d be prepared to back them with some of the capital they need.

5）劍五 Test 4

26. How does the tutor suggest the company can recover?

A. by appointing a new managing director

B. by changing the way it is organized

C. by closing some of its retail outlets

選項A→ Sometimes there is a simple fix such as changing the guy at the top.

選項C→ I suspect they will seek to shut down some of their shops.

√選項B→ …would be to alter how they’re running things-the management layers and processes.

 以上就是新通雅思培訓(xùn)中心的專家關(guān)于雅思聽力同義置換的建議，大體上分為三個方面。通過一定的練習(xí)，掌握前兩個方面還是比較容易的，可以在考前的真題練習(xí)中不斷總結(jié)和記憶。而對于第三個方面，則是出題人全面考察考生的英文技能水平，考生需要通過一個比較長的周期來訓(xùn)練。請廣大考生記住一點(diǎn)，那就是：paraphrase始終是貫穿雅思聽力的核心技能，要想在聽力考試中取得理想的成績，這是至關(guān)重要的必訓(xùn)練項目，望廣大考生引起注意。

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