揭秘SAT特色詞匯

要想在SAT中斬獲高分，閱讀部分至關(guān)重要。要提高閱讀的正確率，首先要讀懂文章，而SAT文章中的這些特色詞匯往往阻礙了考生對整篇文章的理解，如果理解不當(dāng)，甚至?xí)�出現(xiàn)把文章main idea讀反了的情況。所以，讓我們先了解下SAT閱讀中�？嫉奶厣�詞匯。
 
    1 elite,elitist,elitism
 
    字典顯示“精英”，但有時(shí)要提醒自己看它的hidden assumption是不是可以引申為看不起屌絲的高富帥白富美，是不是指向snobbishness.
 
    比如06年01月的開頭為Ridiculing television 的文章，20題說academic認(rèn)為Plato的特點(diǎn)是snobbishness， 在41行就有One academic suggests Plato was merely an elitist，之后詳細(xì)講解他反對詩歌戲劇的原因是它們是mass entertainment or popular culture.這些都體現(xiàn)了正確選項(xiàng)snobbishness。
 
    翻到OG521頁，passage2的18行，Yet,there is an influential movement,representing the consensus of the profession’s elite，從elite當(dāng)中也能看出作者反對這個(gè)movement，進(jìn)而看出兩篇對比文章是對立的關(guān)系，從而解出第9,11,12這三道考兩篇文章關(guān)系或Passage 2 的題目。
 
    翻到OG844頁，passage 2 的54行The flouting of conventional wisdom and refusal to conform carry with them many risks. This is nowhere more true than in the Art World, certain quarters of which tend to be very much doctrinaire and elitist. 這里從doctrinaire and elitist看出作者不喜歡art world，也就更好理解了后文面對批評,I disregarded them.I was neither shaken nor surprised.I remain unruffled.這些話。保持淡定不理睬別人黑他，就是此文作者的main idea。
 
    2 wistful
 
    字典顯示“渴望的”，但這種渴望不是要SAT要考2400的渴望，這是種淡淡的憂傷，惆悵的渴望�？吹絯istful就反應(yīng)“惆悵的”!
 
    比如06年01月開頭是“Gorgia was to be married”的小說，11題The second paragraph suggests that Georgia believes the "proper state" (line 19) would be one of 就選wistfulness。從原文She had felt queer about that thing of taking her last assignment, though it was hard to reach just the proper state, for the last story related to pork-packers, and pork-packing is not a setting favorable to sentimental regrets. It was just like the newspaper business not even to allow one a little sentimental harrowing over one's exodus from it. But the time for gentle melancholy came later on when she was sorting her things at her desk just before leaving中的sentimental regrets和gentle melancholy 中能看出來。
 
    又比如真題中一篇小說For my mother, though, home would always be China. In Irvine she lived among strangers, unable to speak their language. Whenever she talked about happy times, they were during her childhood in that distant land. A wistful smile would soften her face as she told me about sleeping and playing with her sister in the attic above her parents' bedroom. 其中wistful smile體現(xiàn)出第一代移民四年家鄉(xiāng)無法融入異國的心情。
 
    SAT小說還曾考過狄更斯的Dombey and Son，原文也有Dombey scratched his head and looked wistful。所以考生要注意此詞。
 

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   3 condescending
 
    字典顯示“屈尊的”，很多考生認(rèn)為屈尊的就是謙虛的，但屈尊的先決條件是這人覺得自己很尊貴，才要屈就一下。所以它的意思應(yīng)該記“有優(yōu)越感的”。
 
    翻到OG 649頁23題的正確選項(xiàng)condescendingly tolerant，就可從作者在第一段說If the new art is not accessible to everyone, which certainly seems to be the case, this implies that its impulses are not of a genetically human kind. It is an art not for people in general but for a special class who may not be better but who are evidently different.中的“現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)不是給普通大眾看的而是給special class看的”體現(xiàn)出來。
 
    再比如OG中那篇主人公Henry Mulcahy被炒魷魚的小說，11題In context. Mulcahy's "condolatory smile" (lines 32-33) is most probably an expression of both的正確選項(xiàng)是condescending sympathy amused scorn。Condescending可從本段中的as an intellectual作為一個(gè)知識分子，和a kind of pity, mingled with contempt and dry amusement.中看出。
 
    翻到OG第十套的長對比passage1 第一段說They (academic historians )treat it condescendingly as a harmless but amusing example of American vulgarity— a kind of patriotic Disneyland. But several visits there have persuaded me that it is significant in ways that its promoters did not advertise.讀到condescendingly的時(shí)候就要提醒自己是不是作者在字里行間已經(jīng)流露出了對academic historians的反對，果然后面But那句就進(jìn)行了轉(zhuǎn)折。所以只有把SAT高頻詞理解透徹了，才能做預(yù)判，才能提高閱讀速度和正確率。
 
    4 concession,concede,qualification
 
    Concession是讓步，可是有考生不明白讓步是什么，簡單來說就是句子里的“雖然，即使，當(dāng)然，誠然”部分，后面的but才是梗。比如“雖然你是個(gè)好人，但我們還是分手比較好”。所以讓步是為了讓自己的觀點(diǎn)不那么偏激不那么有爭議的一種寫法。有一種“雖然我能從某種程度上理解其他人的想法，但其實(shí)這些想法都有不對的地方，我覺得事情應(yīng)該是這樣的”感覺。比如2014年1月北美的short paired passage里Certainly some new products are marginally better than previous ones,but few take the necessary creative leaps that encourage manufacturing that truly is in harmony with the ways of the Earth.問你Certainly some new products are marginally better than previous ones是干嘛用的，正確選項(xiàng)就是make a concession.
 
    類似的讓步請翻到OG 404頁第六段從yes開始but之前，OG394頁passage2 最后一段Of course開始but之前。
 
    知道concession，考生往往還不知道它的動詞時(shí)concede，于是bye bye with正確選項(xiàng)concede a point before a rebuttal了。所以記住concession的小伙伴concede吧。
 
    類似concession的詞還有qualification。大部分考生在剛接觸SAT的時(shí)候是肯定不明什么是qualification,什么叫qualify a statement，什么語氣叫qualified。其實(shí)就是限制一個(gè)說法，就是有所保留。比如真題一篇講rock and roll的長對比里Granted,within rock there are countercultural trends,but rock permeates our entire culture that other styles of music are considered to be on the fringe,admired by small subcultural groups。Granted是誠然，所以問這句話用到了什么，選qualification。
 
    5 base,compromised,mean,despicable
 
    這些詞的意思都是卑鄙的。這是在詞匯題里�？嫉囊唤M意群。也出現(xiàn)在原文中。
 
    如翻到OG488頁Junk is there to entertain on the basest, most compromised of levels.詞匯題問compromised的意思，從逗號得知它是平行約等于base，故選degraded�；蛘呙绹�隊(duì)長2里美國隊(duì)長發(fā)現(xiàn)神盾局有內(nèi)奸，就說We are compromised.
 
    如真題中We are humiliated by what is powerful and mean but awed by what is powerful and noble.從but得知取反所以mean 也就是not noble
 
    翻到OG426頁Shirley那篇小說，就有He has run a course of despicable, commonplace profligacy。如果記不住就想小黃人吧，小黃人的英語片名就叫despicable me.

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