雙語(yǔ)閱讀：舉辦世界杯能賺錢嗎？

世界杯是體育迷們的盛事，但是從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來說，舉辦世界杯的國(guó)家往往不能賺錢反而虧欠。有體育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家曾經(jīng)說過：“世界杯是一個(gè)臭名昭著、糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展落腳點(diǎn)，對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家來說尤其如此。”下面跟著小編一起去看看詳情吧！

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In a mid-May meeting with sports journalists, Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff used a local metaphor to say that once the World Cup began, Brazilians would forget their worries. “Once the jaguar drinks the water,” she said, “this country will go crazy.”

在5月中旬與體育記者的會(huì)面當(dāng)中，巴西總統(tǒng)迪爾瑪 羅塞夫(Dilma Rousseff)引用了一個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)氐谋扔鳎�她說：“一旦美洲豹開始喝水，這個(gè)國(guó)家就會(huì)為之瘋狂。”意思是說世界杯一開始，巴西人就會(huì)將煩惱拋之腦后。

That Dilma (as she is known) hopes that the local populace will get swept up in the spectacle is understandable, considering the protests she s endured over her government s spending on the event.

迪爾瑪(人們經(jīng)常以她的名來稱呼她)寄希望于用這場(chǎng)盛大的賽事來俘獲巴西人民的心，這一點(diǎn)是可以理解的，因?yàn)榉磳?duì)本屆政府在世界杯方面花費(fèi)過高的抗議活動(dòng)讓她頭疼不已。

At the opening ceremony for the Confederations Cup soccer tournament in Brasilia last June, Dilma and Sepp Blatter, the president of FIFA, which runs the World Cup, were booed by protesters demanding better education, healthcare, and transportation.

在去年6月舉行的聯(lián)合會(huì)杯足球錦標(biāo)賽開幕儀式上，迪爾瑪和國(guó)際足聯(lián)(世界杯運(yùn)營(yíng)方)主席瑟普 布拉特(Sepp Blatter)遭到了反對(duì)人士的狂噓，因?yàn)檫@些人要求政府把錢花在改善教育、醫(yī)療和交通服務(wù)方面。

This May, demonstrators angry that the country was spending money on new stadiums — whose estimated costs have risen by half since 2010, to $3.5 billion — instead of low-income housing held another wave of protests in 18 Brazilian cities. Some held banners saying, “FIFA go home.”

 今年5月，抗議者的憤慨引發(fā)了巴西另一波大規(guī)模游行，涉及18個(gè)城市，有些人還打著“國(guó)際足聯(lián)滾回去”的標(biāo)語(yǔ)。其原因在于國(guó)家將錢花在了新體育館的修建上，而沒有用于解決低收入人群的住房問題。新場(chǎng)館的預(yù)計(jì)成本自2010年來上升了一半，達(dá)到了35億美元。

Polls taken by the Folha de S o Paulo show thatsupport for the World Cup has fallen from 79% in 2008 to 48% today.

《圣保羅頁(yè)報(bào)》(Folha de S o Paulo)舉行的民意調(diào)查顯示，對(duì)于世界杯的支持人數(shù)已從2008年的79%跌至如今的4%。

Even Brazilian soccer star Pele has begun to complain.

連巴西足球明星貝利(Pele)也開始對(duì)此感到忿忿不平。

It s clear that, politically speaking, the money spent to build the stadiums was a lot,” he said recently in Mexico City. “Some of this money could have been invested in schools, in hospitals.”

他最近在墨西哥城說：“很明顯，從政治上來說，大把的錢都用在了體育館的修建上。其中有些錢本應(yīng)投到學(xué)校和醫(yī)院當(dāng)中。

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If history is any guide, Dilma will get her wish and public discontent will turn into happiness once the first game starts. But that euphoria will pass. And it won t answer whether spending billions to host a World Cup makes economic sense, especially for a developing country in dire need of basic improvements.

從歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)來看，一旦第一場(chǎng)賽事開始之后，迪爾瑪?shù)脑竿�便�?huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)，而且民眾的不滿情緒也會(huì)被愉悅所取代。但是這種幸福感遲早是會(huì)煙消云散的。然而對(duì)于一個(gè)急需改善基本面的發(fā)展中國(guó)家來說，一時(shí)的精神愉悅并不能解答花費(fèi)數(shù)十億美元舉辦世界杯是否具有經(jīng)濟(jì)意義這個(gè)問題。

“World Cups are notoriously bad economic development anchors, particularly in developing countries, and four of the last five hosting countries have lost money,” says John Vrooman, a Vanderbilt University sports economist.

范德堡大學(xué)(Vanderbilt University)體育經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家約翰 弗羅曼(John Vrooman)說：“世界杯是一個(gè)臭名昭著、糟糕的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展落腳點(diǎn)，對(duì)于發(fā)展中國(guó)家來說尤其如此。在以往的5個(gè)舉辦國(guó)中，4個(gè)都虧了錢”。

South Africa s experience since hosting the 2010 World Cup illustrates Vrooman s point.

南非在舉辦2010年世界杯后的經(jīng)歷便證明了約翰 弗羅曼的觀點(diǎn)。

Like Brazil, South Africa built and upgraded several stadiums (10 in its case, compared to Brazil s 12). And, as in Brazil, several were located in cities with no major professional teams to take them on after the Cup.

與巴西一樣，南非新建和翻修了數(shù)家場(chǎng)館(南非總共10個(gè)，巴西12個(gè))。而且，在巴西，多個(gè)體育場(chǎng)都分布在沒有重要職業(yè)球隊(duì)的城市，因此，世界杯過后這些場(chǎng)館也就沒有職業(yè)球隊(duì)去使用。

“The great South African stadiums built for the World Cup are largely white elephants now, appropriate given the setting,” says Neal Collins, a sports journalist in South Africa.

南非體育記者尼爾 柯林斯( Neal Collins)表示，“南非為世界杯所修建的大型場(chǎng)館如今基本上已變成了名副其實(shí)的白象(昂貴的擺設(shè))。”

Patrick Bond, a professor at the University of KwaZulu-Natal s School of Built Environment and Development Studies in South Africa, estimates that the country spent about $2.5 billion on stadiums that, because they are underused, require some $18-24 million in annual maintenance and operation subsidies.

夸祖魯納塔爾大學(xué)(University of KwaZulu-Natal)南非建成環(huán)境與開發(fā)研究學(xué)院教授帕特里克 邦德(Patrick Bond)預(yù)計(jì)，南非在場(chǎng)館建設(shè)方面花費(fèi)了25億美元，因?yàn)檫@些場(chǎng)館使用率不高，而且每年的維修和運(yùn)營(yíng)補(bǔ)貼需要約1800-2400萬美元。 

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