探討雅思寫作中連接詞的使用

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在雅思寫作的四大評分標準當中，連貫性與銜接性是其中的一項評分標準，連貫性與銜接性其中一方面就是用連接手段（即連接詞）來實現(xiàn)的。連接詞本身是非常繁瑣的知識，在教授連接詞時也會遇到很多困難，那么學連接詞首先把連接詞詞性掌握并掌握各詞性的用法，學連接詞就簡便得多。新通雅思培訓中心分析認為，連接詞大體可分為四種詞性：連詞，副詞，介詞和短語，它們各自的用法又不一樣。
連詞
如but, and后接句子，連接并列句時前面逗號可有可無。當然連詞也可放句首，這一點在考官范文里有很多體現(xiàn)。
例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. （并列句中的連詞）
段落開始：But how should it be achieved? （連詞放句首）
介詞
如before, despite：后接名詞或動名詞
例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment.
副詞
副詞連接并列句，前面用句號或分號，后面用逗號（當然，如果副詞前用句號，那就是另起一句了，不稱之為并列句）
例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age. （副詞另起一句）
The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. （副詞在并列句中）
短語
如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副詞用法完全一樣
例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion.
The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. （短語在并列句中）
掌握連接詞的四大詞性及用法以后，連接詞的教學和運用就容易展開。我們可以參看考官范文，看看各類關(guān)系的時候考官如何使用連接詞，使文章凸顯出來。
因果關(guān)系
根據(jù)詞性及用法可歸結(jié)于:
1. because / since/ as / for, so （連詞）
2. because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of （介詞）
3. for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly （短語和副詞）
例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. （可代替詞匯because of/ due to / owing to）
轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
根據(jù)詞性及用法可歸結(jié)于
1. but/ while/ yet/ whereas （連詞）
2. however/ nonetheless/ nevertheless/ on the other hand （副詞和短語）
3. rather/ instead （副詞）
4. rather than/ instead of （介詞）
例：Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home to 6 or 7. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger. （可代替詞匯 rather）
My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. （考官鐘愛詞匯）
遞進關(guān)系
1. moreover/ what’s more/ furthermore/ besides/ in addition （副詞）
2. in addition to/ besides/ apart from （介詞）
例: Apart from these tensions caused by cultural differences, international tourism may also lead to conflicts between tourists and a local community. （可代替詞匯：in addition to, besides）
讓步關(guān)系
1. although/ though/ even though/ even if/while （連詞）
2. in spite of/ despite （介詞）
3. no matter how/when/ what （連詞）
例： In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied.
They are allowed to buy whatever they want, no matter how much it cost （考官高分句式）
    學生學習和教師授課時，可根據(jù)以上方法對不同的關(guān)系詞（如表結(jié)果，目的的連接詞）進行歸類。
    翻看考官范文，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)當中有些副詞（最典型為 for example, however, therefore）放在句子中間，前后用逗號隔開，這種句式也是相當?shù)慕?jīng)典。例如：
There is, however, another problem way of defining that part of the quotation.
I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public.
They will, for example, be able to fly planes and they will be able to co-ordinate the movements of several planes in the vicinity of an airport.
    新通雅思培訓中心建議考生，在連接詞的學習當中，我們需注意理清連接詞的四類詞性及各詞性用法，然后把不同關(guān)系的連接詞根據(jù)詞性進行整理，并廣泛仔細的參考高分范文尤其是考官范文當中的優(yōu)美句式，連接詞這一塊的分數(shù)是值得期待的。

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