SAT考試15組�？夹谓�詞辨析

 很多同學(xué)在背SAT單詞的過程中都會有混淆形近詞的困擾。例如bold和bald, 前者是“大膽的，無畏的”意思，卻總被同學(xué)們誤以為是“禿頭的”意思。在此，我選擇了15組在SAT詞匯授課過程中出現(xiàn)頻率較高而同學(xué)們又較容易混淆的形近詞進(jìn)行簡單地區(qū)分。

1. averse vs. adverse

averse : not liking sth; opposed to sth 不喜歡某事物; 反對某事物

e.g. He seems to be averse to hard work

adverse: not favorable; contrary; hostile 敵對的，反對的，不利的

e.g. His health was adversely affected by the climate.

2. adversity vs. adversary

adversity: trouble; unfortunate event 不幸，災(zāi)禍

e.g. Mary faces adversity with courage

adversary: opponent; enemy 對手，敵人

e.g. He defeated his old adversary in the election.

第1、2組詞是經(jīng)常被同學(xué)們混淆的四個單詞，在這里兩兩組合進(jìn)行對比，希望對同學(xué)們會有幫助。

3. antipathy vs. apathy

antipathy: strong or deep dislike 反感; 厭惡; 憎惡

e.g. He showed a marked antipathy to foreigners.

apathy: lack of interest; indifference 缺乏興趣;漠不關(guān)心

e.g. My parents do not feel apathy about the election.

這一組詞大家可以用詞根詞綴發(fā)來區(qū)別, path-作為詞根是“情感”的意思，anti-作為前綴是“相反，對抗”，而 a- 是“不、無、非”的意思，相關(guān)單詞有 sympathy, empathy等

4. derive—derivative vs. deride—derisive

derive: originate from sth; get sth from sth 源自，源于;得到獲取

e.g. Thousands of English words derive from Latin.

deride: mock sb/sth 嘲笑，嘲弄

e.g. They derided his effort as childish.

derisive 這個單詞出現(xiàn)在閱讀中經(jīng)常被同學(xué)當(dāng)做是derive 的形容詞性理解，其實是deride的形容詞，意思為“嘲笑的，嘲弄的”，例如derisive laughter

5.exhausted vs. exhaustive

exhausted: very tired 精疲力盡的

e.g. After a ten-mile hike, everybody is exhausted

exhaustive: very thorough; complete 詳盡的;徹底的

e.g. Police make an exhaustive research.

6. imprudent vs. impudent

imprudent: not wise or discreet不智的; 不謹(jǐn)慎的;輕率的

e.g. It would be imprudent (of you) to resign from your present job before you are offered another.

impudent: very rude and disrespectful 粗魯?shù)? 放肆的; 無禮的; 不尊重的

e.g. Tom is an impudent child who never listens to his parents.

在記這組詞之前，同學(xué)們最好先記住prudent這個單詞，它本身就是“謹(jǐn)慎的，審慎的”意思，在其加上im- 這個表否定含義的前綴，意思就很容易得出了。

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7. callow vs. callous

callow: immature and inexperienced 既不成熟又無經(jīng)驗的; 乳臭未乾的

callous: cruelly insensitive or unsympathetic 冷酷無情的; 無同情心的

8. congenial vs. congenital

congenial: (of people) pleasing because of similarities in temperament, interests, etc ;agreeable(指人)(因性情﹑ 志趣等相近)彼此合得來的, 意氣相投的;適合自己性格的

e.g. I find this aspect of my job particularly congenial.

congenital: (of diseases, etc) present from or before birth (指疾病等)天生的, 先天的

e.g. We should not deride people who have congenital defects.

9. intelligent vs. intelligible

intelligent: smart, educated 聰明的，智能的，智力的

intelligible：that can be (easily) understood 可(易)理解的

e.g. That’s totally a muddled explanation which was scarcely intelligible.

10. impassive vs. impassioned

impassive: showing no sign of feeling 無表情的，無動于衷的

e.g. The accused sat impassively as the judge sentenced him to ten years in prison.

impassioned: showing strong deep feeling 充滿激情的; 熱烈的

e.g. He made an impassioned plea for mercy.

同第3組詞相似的地方是這一組詞里面含有pass-表“情感”含義的詞根，im-表“不無、非”，所以impassive就是“無表情的，無動于衷的”意思。而后者中含有的“passion”其本身就是“激情，熱情”的意思。

11. adapt vs. adept

adapt: make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth 使某事物適合於新的用途﹑ 情況等; 修改某事物

e.g. These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.

adept: expert or skilful in (doing) sth 對(做)某事物內(nèi)行的, 熟練的

e.g. She's adept at growing roses.

這一組詞中adapt也經(jīng)常容易與adopt混淆，adopt意思為“采納，收養(yǎng)”。

12. indigent vs. indigenous

indigent : poor 貧窮

indigenous: native 土生土長的，當(dāng)?shù)氐?/p>

e.g. Kangaroos are indigenousto Australia.

13. presumptive vs. presumptuous

presumptive: based on reasonable belief; probable基於合理之推測的; 可能的

e.g. It is absurd that he was sentenced to death based on presumptive evidence.

presumptuous: too bold or self-confident 膽大妄為的，專橫的

e.g. Would it be presumptuous of me to ask you to contribute?

14. ingenious vs. ingenuous

ingenious: (of a person) clever at finding new or simple solutions for complex problems; original in design(指人)善於用新 的或簡單的方法解決復(fù)雜問題的;設(shè)計獨特精巧的

e.g. So you fitted that wire through that little hole there: that's very ingenious!

ingenuous: open, innocent 坦率的，不隱瞞的，天真的

e.g. That kid gives me an ingenuous smile.

這一組詞，同學(xué)們可以利用另外兩個單詞幫助記憶，genius 和genuine,前者意思為“天才”后者意思為“真的，真誠的，非人造的”。ingenious 從發(fā)音和詞形上與genius相近，而ingenuous 和genuine 相近。

15. discreet vs. discrete

discrete: separate; distinct 分離的; 截然分開的

e.g. Those are a series of discrete events.

discreet: careful or showing good judgment in what one says or does; not too obvious 言談舉止謹(jǐn)慎的; 言行審慎的; 不顯眼的

e.g. I should make a few discreet enquires about the firm before you sign anything.

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