英語的四種標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)在GMAT中的用法

據(jù)新通教育的了解，很多孩子在英語寫作時(shí)，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)基本是信手拈來隨心所欲，其實(shí)在英語中，有4個(gè)常見的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，那就是逗號(hào)，分號(hào);冒號(hào)：破折號(hào)，今天，新通外語跟大家分享這四種符號(hào)在GMAT考試中的具體運(yùn)用。

逗號(hào)

逗號(hào)是最常見也是最難把握的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)之一，但是在GMAT考試中很少會(huì)因?yàn)橛袥]有逗號(hào)而去判斷句子是否正確。但是在修飾語部分，逗號(hào)可以用來區(qū)分是限制性修飾與還是非限制性修飾，如果有逗號(hào)隔開，那么就是非限制性修飾，如果沒有逗號(hào)隔開則是限制性修飾。做題的時(shí)候?qū)τ诙禾?hào)要格外注意，因?yàn)闀?huì)用逗號(hào)去分開修飾成分。

This car, purchased lastyear, is a Buick. 這句話是非限定性修飾。

The car purchased lastyear is a Buick. 這句話是限定性修飾。

一個(gè)主語發(fā)出的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作間，不用逗號(hào)去分隔。如果使用了逗號(hào)，可以把逗號(hào)去掉或者給第二個(gè)句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞添加主語以及連接兩個(gè)句子的連詞。

Wrong: Earl walked toschool, AND later ate his lunch.

Right: Earl walked toschool AND later ate his lunch.

Right: Earl walked toschool, AND HE later ate his lunch.

注意：逗號(hào)本身是不能連接兩個(gè)完整的句子

Wrong: Earl walked toschool, he later ate his lunch.

分號(hào)

分號(hào)的用法與句號(hào)比較相近，在不需要任何的連詞的情況下可以連接兩個(gè)完整的句子。

Right: Earl walked toschool; he later ate his lunch.

Wrong: Andrew and Lisaare inseparable; doing everything together.

這個(gè)句子分號(hào)后面連接的不是一個(gè)完整的句子，所以分號(hào)的使用不正確。

Right: Andrew and Lisaare inseparable; they do everything together.

使用分號(hào)時(shí)，注意前后兩個(gè)句子的并列性。如果作者本意是想表達(dá)的從屬關(guān)系，那么是不能使用分號(hào)的。

Right: The dam hascreated dead zones, WHERE fish have disappeared.

Wrong: The dam hascreated dead zones; fish have disappeared.

第二個(gè)句子表達(dá)的句意是--全球的魚類都消失了。而第一個(gè)句子有限定范圍--dead zones.分號(hào)一般會(huì)加入副詞或其它的一些表達(dá)however, therefore, 或者 inaddition. 注意這些副詞是不能連接兩個(gè)完整的句子。

Wrong: Andrew and Lisaare inseparable, THEREFORE, we never see them apart.

Right: Andrew and Lisaare inseparable; THEREFORE, we never see them apart.

分號(hào)的另一個(gè)功能是分開本身含有逗號(hào)的短語。

Wrong: I listen to Earth,Wind & Fire, Wow, Owls, and Blood, Sweat & Tears.

Right: I listen to Earth,Wind & Fire; Wow, Owls; and Blood, Sweat & Tears.

看一下OG13的SC原句：

Tropical bats playimportant roles in the rain forest ecosystem, aiding in the dispersal ofcashew, date, and fig seeds; pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees;and indirectly helping to produce tequila by pollinating agave plants.

冒號(hào)

對(duì)前面提出的信息起補(bǔ)充說明作用，冒號(hào)前的句子一定要能獨(dú)立成句。

Wrong: I love listeningto: classical, rock, rap, and pop music.

上述句子中的冒號(hào)前面的句子不是獨(dú)立句子，因此不正確。

Right: I love listeningto many kinds of music: classical, rock, rap, and pop.

當(dāng)然我們也可以插入namely 或者 thatis 在冒號(hào)的后面

Wrong: I love listeningto many kinds of music: namely, classical, rock, rap, and

pop.

需要解釋說明的成分一定要離解釋成分近一點(diǎn)

Wrong: Three factorsaffect the rate of a reaction: concentration, surface area, and temperature.

Better: The rate of areaction is affected by three factors: concentration, surface area, andtemperature.

注意，該原則的存在，促使被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用(正常情況下是主動(dòng)語態(tài)優(yōu)于被動(dòng)語態(tài))

分號(hào)后面可以接一個(gè)完整的句子，但是句子必須是解釋說明前面的句子。

Right: On January 1,2000, the national mood was completely different from what it would become justa few years later: at the turn of the century, given a seemingly unstoppablestock market and a seemingly peaceful world, the country was content.

冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容-"at the turn of thecentury...was content,"能夠獨(dú)立成一個(gè)完整的句子，功能是解釋說明。

注意區(qū)分分號(hào)和冒號(hào)：分號(hào)連接兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子，但是第二個(gè)句子不是解釋說明的功能，而冒號(hào)必須是解釋說明的功能。

破折號(hào)，用的比較廣泛，破折號(hào)有雙的，也有單的。

Right: By January 2,2000,the so-called "Y2K problem" was already widely considered ajoke--although the reason for the non-event was the huge corporate andgovernmental investment in prior countermeasures.

上述句子中，使用逗號(hào)或破折號(hào)都是正確的，有時(shí)破折號(hào)會(huì)更好一些。破折號(hào)可以用來分開同位語。

Right: My three bestfriends-Danny, Jimmy, and Joey-and I went skiing.

上面句子中如果使用逗號(hào)則會(huì)產(chǎn)生歧義。

破折號(hào)--解釋說明。(與冒號(hào)不一樣的是，破折號(hào)的解釋說明不一定需要緊跟需要解釋說明的內(nèi)容)

Right: Post-MBAcompensation for investment bankers tends to surge far ahead of that formanagement consultants-by tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of dollars ayear.

破折號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容是解釋說明的功能，因此不能改成分號(hào)。