【教師】3種托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分技巧

對(duì)托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作有所了解的同學(xué)們會(huì)知道，獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作的出題形式很簡(jiǎn)單，主要就是2種：

Agreement or disagreement型 

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 

Getting advice from older friends is more valuable than from the friends of the same age as yours.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

We can solve the present and the future problems by understanding the past.

Personal preference型

Who have more influence on students, their teachers or friends？

Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends:

　A, joining a sport team    B, participating in community activities     C, traveling

雖然出題形式很簡(jiǎn)單，但是要想要取得托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作高分卻難倒了一大批托�？忌�。不是因?yàn)轭}目看不懂，而是因?yàn)榻忸}難--給觀(guān)點(diǎn)容易，給論點(diǎn)難。很多考生一致的感覺(jué)如下：

1.我可以給觀(guān)點(diǎn)，但是給不出論點(diǎn)支持自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

2.不管我支持哪一方，選擇哪一方，我都覺(jué)得只有一個(gè)論點(diǎn)。

3.我最多就只能想出兩個(gè)論點(diǎn)，第三個(gè)論點(diǎn)根本做不到無(wú)中生有。

其實(shí)，不管話(huà)題內(nèi)容涉及什么方面，對(duì)于托福獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作我們都可以有比較好的方法技巧來(lái)解決“解題難”的問(wèn)題�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以概括成3種方式：因果法，對(duì)比法, 分類(lèi)法。

    講座內(nèi)容：  

“因果法”：顧名思義，表示在觀(guān)點(diǎn)選擇之后，想想自己的這種選擇傾向會(huì)帶來(lái)哪些具體的結(jié)果（某個(gè)選擇的意義和影響）。這個(gè)方式是最常用的。一般的題目都可以用這種方法。

如：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? 

Getting advice from older friends is more valuable than from the friends of the same age as yours.

假設(shè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)為同意題目說(shuō)法�？梢钥紤]一下“older friends”的“advice”能帶來(lái)什么樣的結(jié)果。

1.Friends of older ages tend to have more experience and therefore we can draw on experience from them. (Such as how to manage time, how to enact a plan and how to achieve excellent grades.)

2.Friends of different age are able to provide suggestions from different perspective. (study abroad or select major)

解題到此處時(shí)，很多同學(xué)已經(jīng)覺(jué)得沒(méi)有繼續(xù)Brainstorm的空間了。因此需要其他方法—對(duì)比法。“對(duì)比法”：對(duì)題目所涉及的“關(guān)鍵詞”進(jìn)行思考，從反面對(duì)比的方式證明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是有說(shuō)服力的。

如剛才的題目里還有個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“friends of the same age as yours”. 我們可以思考：同齡人的意見(jiàn)可能有什么不妥的地方�？赡芡�齡人會(huì)存在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，因此有時(shí)候也就不會(huì)給出非常“valuable”的建議。相反的，年長(zhǎng)的人一般不太可能跟我們形成競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，不管是學(xué)習(xí)，就業(yè)或是其他方面，所以最后一個(gè)論點(diǎn)就可以出來(lái)了。

3.Elder friends are more willing to render us necessary assistance since there is no competition between us.

那何為“分類(lèi)法”？其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單，就是把1個(gè)論點(diǎn)拆分開(kāi)來(lái)，變成2個(gè)或是3個(gè)。

比如：

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:

We can solve the present and the future problems by understanding the past.

假設(shè)同意題目的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。很多同學(xué)只能想出一個(gè)理由：借鑒經(jīng)驗(yàn)。其實(shí)此題的這個(gè)論點(diǎn)可以分為兩個(gè)：

1.The investigation of the past enables us to accomplish current task more efficiently. （searching for related information to complete a paper）

2.The collection of the past information tends to serve as desirable references which assist us to make significant decision for the future. （governmental investment or agenda）

當(dāng)然兩個(gè)論點(diǎn)還不夠，此題還可以用“因果法”再找出一個(gè)論點(diǎn)：

3.By getting a clear perspective of the past, we are likely to trace the inducement of the problem, thereby addressing the matter more efficiently and thoroughly.

從上面的兩個(gè)例題可以看出，這3種方法可以相輔相成來(lái)幫助我們完成獨(dú)立寫(xiě)作下筆之前的“brainstorm”。

更多的例證：

Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends:

A, joining a sport team    B, participating in community activities     C, traveling

Thesis statement: participation in a sport team is the optimal way to expand individuals’ social circle.

理由一: Taking part in community activities or travelling is likely to get acquainted with more people, but it is unlikely to keep in touch with those people of different ages and different social background

理由二: It can be expected that the members in a sport team tend to be marked by several same traits, ranging from ages to interests, which are required to maintain a good relationship. 

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理由三: Team work is closely associated with the establishment and maintenance of new friendship.

理由一采用“對(duì)比法”，理由二和三采用“因果法”。 

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Competition between friends always has a negative effect on their friendship.

Thesis statement: the friendship tainted by rivalry tends to be detrimental for each party.

理由一：From academic perspective, contending for certain award tends to trigger embarrassment on friendship.

理由二：When it comes to employment opportunities, the contention might give rise to the breakdown of the friendship.

理由三：In terms of sports game, most friends are unwilling to compete with each other due to the undesirable effects of competition on friendship.

本篇三個(gè)理由都采用“分類(lèi)法”。

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.

Thesis statement: it is more rational to choose a job with decent salary even if there is less vacation time.

理由一：Handsome income guarantees desirable living standard.

理由二：A job with abundant salary is a precondition for high-quality vacation.

理由三：An occupation marked by satisfying rewards motivates individuals to achieve more in career.

本篇三個(gè)理由都采用“因果法”。

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